Clear or translucent aqueous polyquaternary ammonium fabric softener compositions containing low solvent

ABSTRACT

Clear/translucent formulations comprise polyquaternary ammonium actives with lower, or no, solvent levels except the solvent which is normally present in the polyquaternary raw material stocks by choosing highly efficient solvents within a specific Clog P range, employing higher levels of polyquaternary ammonium, actives, and/or augmenting the bilayer with surfactants and/or polar oils. Compositions with lowered solvent levels have at or below about 5% by volume of secondary dispersed phases preferably below about 3% by volume of secondary dispersed phase, and more preferably 1% by volume of secondary dispersed phases. The most preferred compositions are essentially free of secondary dispersed phases. High-speed centrifugation easily and quickly reveals the % volume of secondary phase(s).

This application claims the benefit of Provisional Application No.60/142,469, filed Jul. 6, 1999.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to specific clear or translucent fabricsoftener compositions. It has been demonstrated extensively in thepatent literature that clear formulations of mono-quaternary orpolyquaternary ammonium fabric softener actives can be achieved usinghigh levels of organic solvents. However, formulations with high levelsof organic solvents are costly, so it is desirable to formulatequaternary ammonium or polyquaternary ammonium fabric softener activeswith lower levels of organic solvent.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Much of the previous art related to concentrated clear compositionscontaining ester and/or amide linked fabric softening actives andspecific principal solvents relates to the formulation ofmono-quaternary ammonium fabric softener actives and these are disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,990, issued Jun. 2, 1998 in the names of E. H.Wahl, H. B. Tordil, T. Trinh, E. R. Carr, R. O. Keys, and L. M. Meyer,for Concentrated Fabric Softening Composition With Good Freeze/ThawRecovery and Highly Unsaturated Fabric Softener Compound Therefor, andin U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,443, issued May 5, 1998 in the names of Wahl,Trinh, Gosselink, Letton, and Sivik for Fabric SofteningCompound/Composition, said patents being incorporated herein byreference. The fabric softener actives in said patents are preferablybiodegradable ester-linked materials, containing, long hydrophobicgroups with unsaturated chains. Similar clear liquid fabric softeningcompositions are described in WO 97/03169, incorporated herein byreference, which describes the formulation of liquid fabric softeningcompositions using said specific principal solvents.

European Patent Application EP 0,803,498, A1, Robert 0. Keys and FloydE. Friedli, filed Apr. 25, 1997 teaches that polyquaternary ammoniumactives can be formulated into clear compositions. This applicationexemplifies clear compositions of polyquaternary actives at highprincipal solvent levels, typically 15% or more. It is economicallydesirable to formulate compositions with lower solvent levels, butformulating stable, isotropic, single-phase products at solvent levelsat or below about 10%, particularly when using less preferred principalsolvent systems is difficult.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This application discloses surprising approaches used to createclear/translucent aqueous formulations comprising polyquaternaryammonium active in continuous bilayer with lower solvent levels and verysurprisingly, even some formulations with no solvent added except thesolvent which is normally present in the polyquaternary ammonium activeraw material stocks. Approaches to lowering solvent levels includingchoosing highly efficient principal solvents within a specific Clog Prange, employing higher levels of polyquaternary, and/or augmenting thebilayer with surfactants and/or polar oils.

Compositions with lowered solvent levels often contain a certainpercentage of phase(s) other than the desired isotropic phase. Often,but not necessarily, these secondary phases are liquid crystalline,because, often, but not necessarily, the desirable isotropic phaseshares a phase boundary with the liquid crystalline phase. The % volumeof the secondary phase(s) present is an indicator of the degree ofproduct stability. The smaller the % volume of secondary phase(s) themore likely it is that these secondary phases will remain dispersedwithin the desirable isotropic phase. When the % volume of the dispersedphase becomes too large, compositions tend to separate into layers, andthus stability and homogeneous product performance are lost. When thesecondary phase separates, the line of demarcation between the twophases is usually apparent, because the specific density of the phasesis often different. Also, the secondary phase is often composed ofliquid crystal which can be identified by its birefringent opticalproperties as shown in The Aqueous Phase Chemistry of, Robert LaughlinPreferred compositions have at or below about 5% by volume of secondarydispersed phases, more preferred compositions have below about 3% byvolume of secondary dispersed phases, even more preferred compositionshave below about 1% by volume of secondary dispersed phases, and themost preferred compositions are essentially free of secondary dispersedphases. High-speed ultra-centrifugation is used to determine the %volume of secondary phase(s).

The clear, or translucent aqueous liquid fabric softener compositionsherein comprise:

-   -   A. typically, a lower limit of at least about 1%, preferably at        least about 5%, more preferably at least about 15%, and most        preferably at least about 19% and typically an upper limit of        equal to or below about 80%, preferably below about 75%, more        preferably below about 70%, and most preferably below about 65%,        by weight of the composition, of polyquaternary ammonium fabric        softener active, relatively biodegradable fabric softener        actives being preferred, as disclosed hereinafter. The phase        transition temperature of the softener active or mixture of        actives, containing less than 5% organic solvent or water, is        preferably less than 50° C., more preferably less than about 35°        C., even more preferably less than about 20° C., and yet even        more preferably less than about 10° C., or has no significant        endothermic phase transition in the region —50° C. to 100° C.,        as measured by differential scanning calorimetry as disclosed        hereinafter.    -   B. The composition also comprises stabilizer for the composition        selected from the group of organic solvents, bilayer modifiers,        and mixtures thereof:        -   (1) an effective level of organic solvent with the organic            solvent being preferably chosen from the group of principal            solvents or mixtures of principal solvents especially when            solvent is employed in the absence of a bilayer modifier and            with the principal solvent preferably having a ClogP of from            about −2.0 to about 2.6, more preferably from about −1.7 to            about 1.6, and even more preferably from about −1.0 to about            1.0, as defined hereinafter, typically used at levels where            the lower limit is set at or above about 0.25%, preferably            at or above 0.5%, more preferably at or above about 1% and            even more preferably at or above 1.5% by weight of the            composition and the upper limit is set at or below about            13.5%, preferably at or below about 10%, more preferably at            or below about 7.5%, and even more preferably at or below            about 5% by weight of the composition.        -   (2) an effective level of bilayer modifier having lower            limits typically set at levels of at or above about 0.25%,            preferably at or above about 0.5%, more preferably at or            above about 1%, even more preferably at or above about 2.5%            by weight of the composition and with higher limits            typically set at levels at or below about 20%, preferably at            or below about 15%, more preferably at or below about 12%,            even more preferably, at or below about 10% and still more            preferably at or below about 8% and most preferably at or            below about 7.5% by weight of the composition.        -   (3) mixtures of organic solvent and bilayer modifier; and    -   C. the balance water.

The clear, or translucent liquid fabric softener compositions canoptionally also contain:

-   -   (a) optionally, but preferably, from 0% to about 15%, more        preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, and even more preferably        from about 0.2% to about 5%, of perfume;    -   (b) optionally, additional fabric softener actives and/or        cationic charge boosters;    -   (c) other optional ingredients such as brighteners, chemical        stabilizers, soil release agents, bactericides, chelating        agents, silicones, color care agents; fabric abrasion reducing        polymer; malodor control agents and/or;    -   (d) mixtures thereof.

Preferably, the compositions herein are aqueous, translucent or clear,preferably clear, compositions containing from about 10%, preferablyfrom about 20% A, more preferably from about 30%, and even morepreferably from about 40%, up to about 95%, preferably up to about 80%,more preferably up to about 70%, and most preferably up to about 60%, byweight of the composition, of water. As discussed before, clear, ortranslucent liquid compositions comprising polyquaternary ammoniumfabric softener actives are preferably prepared such that thecompositions have good stability as measured by the presence of 5% orless dispersed phase by volume after centrifuging. Preferably thecompositions herein contain less than about 5% of dispersed phasevolume, more preferably less than about 3% of dispersed phase volume andeven more preferably less than about 1% dispersed phase volume, and mostpreferably, are essentially free of dispersed phase volume after highspeed centrifugation for 16 hours.

The pH of the compositions, especially those containing the preferredsoftener actives comprising an ester linkage, should be from about 1 toabout 5, preferably from about 2 to about 4, and more preferably fromabout 2.7 to about 3.5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A. Polyquaternary Ammonium Fabric Softener Actives

Typical levels of incorporation of the polyquaternary ammonium fabricsoftening compound (active) in the softening composition are of fromabout 1% to about 80% by weight, preferably from about 5% to about 75%,more preferably from about 15% to about 70%, and even more preferablyfrom about 19% to about 65%, by weight of the composition, andpreferably is biodegradable as disclosed hereinafter.

When formulating clear products it is advantageous to raise the level ofthe polyquaternary ammonium active, as this aids in achieving a clearproduct with lower solvent levels. As has been previously disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 5,759,990, issued Jun. 2, 1998 in the names of E. H. Wahl,H. B. Tordil, T. Trinh, E. R. Carr, R. O. Keys, and L. M. Meyer, forConcentrated Fabric Softening Composition with Good Freeze/Thaw Recoveryand Highly Unsaturated Fabric Softener Compound Therefor, and in U.S.Pat. No. 5,747,443, issued May 5, 1998 in the names of Wahl, Trinh,Gosselink, Letton, and Sivik for Fabric Softening Compound/Composition,both patents being incorporated by reference, it has been found thatsoftener actives with alkyl chains that are unsaturated and/or branchedare particularly well suited for use in clear or translucent aqueousfabric softener compositions. An indicator of the suitability ofsoftener actives for use in the compositions of this invention is thephase transition temperature. Preferably, the phase transitiontemperature of the softener active or mixture of actives, containingless than about 5% organic solvent or water, is less than about 50° C.,more preferably less than about 35° C., even more preferably less thanabout 20° C., and yet even more preferably less than about 10° C., orhas no significant endothermic phase transition in the region from about−50° C. to about 100° C.

The phase transition temperature can be measured with a Mettler TA 3000differential scanning calorimeter with Mettler TC 10A Processor.

Suitable polycationic softener compounds can be found in the artincluding:

-   European Patent Application EP 0,803,498, A1, Robert O. Keys and    Floyd E. Friedli, filed Apr. 25, 1997;-   British Pat. 808,265, issued Jan. 28, 1956 to Arnold Hoffman & Co.,    Incorporated;-   British Pat. 1,161,552, Koebner and Potts, issued Aug. 13, 1969;-   DE 4,203,489 A1, Henkel, published Aug. 12, 1993;-   EP 0,221,855, Topfl, Heinz, and Jorg, issued Nov. 3, 1986;-   EP 0,503,155, Rewo, issued Dec. 20, 1991;-   EP 0,507,003, Rewo, issued Dec. 20, 1991-   EPA 0,803,498, published Oct. 29, 1997;-   French Pat. 2,523,606, Marie-Helene Fraikin, Alan Dillarstone, and    Marc Couterau, filed Mar. 22, 1983;-   Japanese Pat. 84-273918, Terumi Kawai and Hiroshi Kitamura, 1986;-   Japanese Pat. 2-011,545, issued to Kao Corp., Jan. 16, 1990;-   U.S. Pat. No. 3,079,436, Hwa, issued Feb. 26, 1963;-   U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,054, Green et al., issued Nov. 29, 1983;-   U.S. Pat. No. 4,721,512, Topfl, Abel, and Binz, issued Jan. 26,    1988;-   U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,337, Abel, Topfl, and Riehen, issued Mar. 1,    1988;-   U.S. Pat. No. 4,906,413, Topfl and Binz, issued Mar. 6, 1990;-   U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,667, Oxenride et al., issued Mar. 16, 1993;-   U.S. Pat. No. 5,235,082, Hill and Snow, issued Aug. 10, 1993;-   U.S. Pat. No. 5,670,472, Keys, issued Sep. 23, 1997;-   Weirong Miao, Wei Hou, Lie Chen, and Zongshi Li, Studies on    Multifunctional Finishing Agents, Riyong Huaxue Gonye, No. 2, pp.    8-10, 1992;-   Yokagaku, Vol 41, No. 4 (1992); and-   Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation, 4^(th) Edition,    published 1991 by Lea & Febiger, Chapter 13, pp. 226-30. All of    these references are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by    reference.

The fabric softening active portion of the composition can also compriseother cationic, nonionic, and/or amphoteric fabric softening compoundsas disclosed hereinafter.

B. Stabilizing System

The stabilizing systems herein comprises solvent and/or bilayer modifieras described hereinafter.

(1) Organic/Principal Solvent

In compositions employing the bilayer modifier as part of thestabilization system, a wide range of organic solvents are effectiveincluding a broad range of solvents that have been characterizedheretofore as “principal solvents” that fall within the broadest Clog Plimits used as part of the definition of such principal solvents.However, in compositions without bilayer modifiers it is preferred touse principal solvents within the more preferred Clog P ranges asdefined herein to reduce solvent level while maintaining stability.Modifications of the ClogP ranges can be achieved by adding electrolyteand/or phase stabilizers as taught in copending U.S. Ser. No.09/309,128, filed May 10, 1999 by Frankenbach, et al. However, whenpolyquaternary ammonium fabric softening actives are used, inorganicsalts are preferably kept at a low level, e.g., less than about 10%,more preferably less than about 5%, and even more preferably less thanabout 2%, by weight of the composition.

Compositions based on fabric softener actives containing at least somecomponents with multiple hydrophobic chains often comprise a lipidbilayer. Not to be bound by theory, but a certain level and packinggeometry of amphiphilic material(s) are necessary to construct a bilayerof appropriate fluidity and curvature to achieve clear or translucentcompositions. Solvents, especially principal solvent, and mostespecially principal solvents in more preferred Clog P ranges, areeffective amphiphiles and fill in bilayer space when there is not enoughfabric softener active to fill this space. This is believed to be thebasis for the surprising result that solvent levels required areactually less as the polyquaternary ammonium level is raised. Thisresult is illustrated in Table 1, hereinafter, by comparing examples 1,2, and 5 as well as comparing example 3 and 7.

The organic solvent and/or principal solvent and/or mixtures thereof areused at effective levels with the lower limits typically set at or aboveabout 0.25%, preferably at or above about 0.5%, more preferably at orabove about 1%, and most preferably at or above about 1.5% by weight ofthe composition and with higher limits typically set at levels at orbelow about 13.5%, preferably at or below about 10%, more preferably ator below about 7.5%, and even more preferably, at or below about 5% byweight of the composition.

An advantage of the bilayer modifiers disclosed herein is that lowerlevels of principal solvents and/or a wider range of organic and/orprincipal solvents can be used to provide clarity. E.g., without bilayermodifier, the ClogP of the principal solvent system as disclosedhereinafter would typically be limited to a range of from about 0.15 toabout 0.64 as disclosed in said '443 patent. It is known that higherClogP compounds, up to about 1 can be used when combined with othersolvents as disclosed in copending provisional application Ser. No.60/047,058, filed May 19, 1997 and re-filed PCT/US98/10167 on May 18,1998, in the names of H. B. Tordil, E. H. Wahl, T. Trinh, M. Okamoto,and D. L. Duval, or with nonionic surfactants, and especially with thephase stabilizers disclosed herein as previously disclosed, filed Mar.2, 1998, provisional Application Ser. No. 60/076,564, and re-filed as,the inventors being D. L. DuVal, G. M. Frankenbach, E. H. Wahl, T.Trinh, H. J. M. Demeyere, J. H. Shaw and M. Nogami. Title: Concentrated,Stable, Translucent or Clear Fabric Softening Compositions, both of saidapplications being incorporated herein by reference. With the bilayermodifier present, the level of principal solvent can be less and/or theClogP range that is usable is broadened to include from about −2.0 toabout 2.6, more preferably from about −1.7 to about 1.6, and even morepreferably from about −1.0 to about 1.0.

With the bilayer modifier present, levels of principal solvent that aresubstantially less than about 10% by weight of the composition can beused, which is preferred for odor, safety and economy reasons. Thebilayer modifier as defined hereinafter, in combination with a very lowlevel of principal solvent is sufficient to provide good clarity and/orstability of the composition. In preferred compositions, the level ofprincipal solvent is insufficient to provide the required degree ofclarity and/or stability and the addition of the bilayer modifierprovides the desired clarity/stability. Said bilayer modifier can beused to either make a composition translucent or clear, or can be usedto increase the temperature range at which the composition istranslucent or clear.

Thus one can use the principal solvent, at the previously indicatedlevels, in a method in which the said principal solvent is added to Bcomposition that is not translucent, or clear, or which has atemperature where phase instability occurs that is too high, to make thecomposition translucent or clear, or, when the composition is clear,e.g., at ambient temperature, or down to a specific temperature, toreduce the temperature at which phase instability occurs, preferably byat least about 5° C., more preferably by at least about 10° C. Theprincipal solvent is efficient in that it provides the maximum advantagefor a given weight of solvent. It is understood that “solvent”, as usedherein, refers to the effect of the principal solvent and not to itsphysical form at a given temperature, since some of the principalsolvents are solids at ambient temperature.

Principal solvents that can be present are selected to minimize solventodor impact in the composition and to provide a low viscosity to thefinal composition. For example, isopropyl alcohol is flammable and has astrong odor. n-Propyl alcohol is more effective, but also has a distinctodor. Several butyl alcohols also have odors but can be used foreffective clarity/stability, especially when used as part of a principalsolvent system to minimize their odor. The alcohols are also selectedfor optimum low temperature stability, that is they are able to formcompositions that are liquid with acceptable low viscosities andtranslucent, preferably clear, down to about 50° F. (about 10° C.), morepreferably down to about 40° F. (about 4.4° C.) and are able to recoverafter storage down to about 20° F. (about 6.7° C.).

Other suitable solvents can be selected based upon their octanol/waterpartition coefficient (P). Octanol/water partition coefficient of asolvent is the ratio between its equilibrium concentration in octanoland in water. The partition coefficients of the solvent ingredients ofthis invention are conveniently given in the form of their logarithm tothe base 10, logP.

The logP of many ingredients has been reported; for example, thePomona92 database, available from Daylight Chemical Information Systems,Inc. (Daylight CIS), Irvine, Calif., contains many, along with citationsto the original literature. However, the logP values are mostconveniently calculated by the “CLOGP” program, also available fromDaylight CIS. This program also lists experimental logP values when theyare available in the Pomona92 database.

The “calculated logP” (ClogP) is determined by the fragment approach ofHansch and Leo (cf., A. Leo, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.4, C. Hansch, P. G. Sammens, J. B. Taylor and C. A. Ramsden, Eds., p.295, Pergamon Press, 1990, incorporated herein by reference). Thefragment approach is based on the chemical structure of each ingredient,and takes into account the numbers and types of atoms, the atomconnectivity, and chemical bonding. The ClogP values, which are the mostreliable and widely used estimates for this physicochemical property,are preferably used instead of the experimental logP values in theselection of the principal solvent ingredients which are useful in thepresent invention. Other methods that can be used to compute ClogPinclude, e.g., Crippen's fragmentation method as disclosed in J. Chem.Inf. Comput. Sci., 27, 21 (1987); Viswanadhan's fragmentation method asdisclose in J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 29, 163 (1989); and Broto'smethod as disclosed in Eur. J. Med. Chem.—Chim. Theor., 19, 71 (1984).

The principal solvents herein are selected from those having a ClogP offrom −2.0 to 2.6, preferably from −1.7 to 1.6, and more preferably from−1.0 to 1.0.

The most preferred solvents can be identified by the appearance of thediluted fabric treatment compositions. These diluted compositionscomprise vesicular dispersions of fabric softener which contain onaverage more uni-lamellar vesicles than conventional fabric softenercompositions, which contain predominantly multilamellar vesicles. Thelarger the proportion of uni-lamellar vs. multilamellar vesicles, thebetter the compositions seem to perform. These compositions providesurprisingly good fabric softening as compared to similar compositionsprepared in the conventional way with the same fabric softener active.

Operable solvents have been disclosed, listed under various listings,e.g., aliphatic and/or alicyclic diols with a given number of carbonatoms; monols; derivatives of glycerine; alkoxylates of diols; andmixtures of all of the above can be found in said U.S. Pat. Nos.5,759,990 and 5,747,443 and PCT application WO 97/03169 published on 30Jan. 1997, said patents and application being incorporated herein byreference, the most pertinent disclosure appearing at pages 24-82 and94-108 (methods of preparation) of the said WO 97/03169 specificationand in columns 11-54 and 66-78 (methods of preparation) of the '443patent. The '443 and PCT disclosures contain reference numbers to theChemical Abstracts Service Registry numbers (CAS No.) for thosecompounds that have such a number and the other compounds have a methoddescribed, that can be used to prepare the compounds. Some inoperablesolvents listed in the '443 disclosure can be used in mixtures withoperable solvents and/or with the high electrolyte levels and/or phasestabilizers, to make concentrated fabric softener compositions that meetthe stability/clarity requirements set forth herein.

Many diol solvents that have the same chemical formula can exist as manystereoisomers and/or optical isomers. Each isomer is normally assignedwith a different CAS No. For examples, different isomers of4-methyl-2,3-hexanediol are assigned to at least the following CAS Nos:146452-51-9; 146452-50-8; 14645249-5; 146452484; 123807-34-1:123807-33-0; 123807-32-9; and 123807-31-8.

In the '443 and PCT specifications, each chemical formula is listed withonly one CAS No. This disclosure is only for exemplification and issufficient to allow the practice of the invention. The disclosure is notlimiting. Therefore, it is understood that other isomers with other CASNos, and their mixtures, are also included. By the same token, when aCAS No. represents a molecule which contains some particular isotopes,e.g., deuterium, tritium, carbon-13, etc., it is understood thatmaterials which contain naturally distributed isotopes are alsoincluded, and vice versa.

There is a clear similarity between the acceptability (formulatability)of a saturated diol and its unsaturated homologs, or analogs, havinghigher molecular weights. The unsaturated homologs/analogs have the sameformulatability as the parent saturated solvent with the condition thatthe unsaturated solvents have one additional methylene (viz., CH₂) groupfor each double bond in the chemical formula. In other words, there isan apparent “addition rule” in that for each good saturated solvent ofthis invention, which is suitable for the formulation of clear,concentrated fabric softener compositions, there are suitableunsaturated solvents where one, or more, CH₂ groups are added while, foreach CH₂ group added, two hydrogen atoms are removed from adjacentcarbon atoms in the molecule to form one carbon-carbon double bond, thusholding the number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule constant withrespect to the chemical formula of the “parent” saturated solvent. Thisis due to a surprising fact that adding a —CH₂— group to a solventchemical formula has an effect of increasing its ClogP value by about0.53, while removing two adjacent hydrogen atoms to form a double bondhas an effect of decreasing its ClogP value by about a similar amount,viz., about 0.48, thus about compensating for the —CH₂— addition.Therefore one goes from a preferred saturated solvent to the preferredhigher molecular weight unsaturated analogs/homologs containing at leastone more carbon atom by inserting one double bond for each additionalCH₂ group, and thus the total number of hydrogen atoms is kept the sameas in the parent saturated solvent, as long as the ClogP value of thenew solvent remains within the effective range. The following are someillustrative examples:

It is possible to substitute for part of the principal solvent mixture asecondary solvent, or a mixture of secondary solvents, which bythemselves are not operable as a principal solvent of this invention, aslong as an effective amount of the operable principal solvents of thisinvention is still present in the liquid concentrated, clear fabricsoftener composition. An effective amount of the principal solvents ofthis invention is at least greater than about 1%, preferably more thanabout 3%, more preferably more than about 5% of the composition, when atleast about 15% of the softener active is also present.

Principal solvents preferred for improved clarity at 50° F. are2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 1,2-hexanediol; 1,2-pentanediol; hexyleneglycol; 1,2-butanediol; 1,4-cyclohexanediol; pinacol; 1,5-hexanediol;1,6-hexanediol; and/or 2.4-dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol.

(2) Bilayer Modifiers

Bilayer modifiers are compounds that allow the formation of stableformulations at lower and substantially reduced solvent levels even tothe point of, surprisingly, eliminating solvent in some compositions.Bilayer modifiers are chose form the group of 1) mono-alkyl cationicamine compounds, 2) polar and non-polar hydrophobic oils, 3) nonionicsurfactants, and 4) mixtures thereof.

Fabric softening actives, especially those actives or compositionscomprising multiple hydrophobes tend to form bilayers. Not to be boundby theory but, when these bilayers and the water between the bilayersare sufficiently flexible, the composition can become a single-phaseisotropic system comprising a bicontinuous bilayer or sponge phase.

Not to be bound by theory but, there are many ways to improveflexibility such that single-phase isotropic bicontinuous systems withimproved stability are achieved. Using fabric softening actives with lowphase transition temperatures enhances flexibility of the bilayer sincethe actives are fluid. The phase transition temperature can be loweredby several means, for instance by incorporating branching and/orunsaturation in the hydrophobe of fabric softener actives and employingmixtures of fabric softener actives. Using principal solvents,particularly those within the most preferred Clog P ranges enhances theflexibility of both the water and the bilayer because these principalsolvents, especially in the more preferred ranges, have the ability tomigrate between the water where they can break up the water hydrogenbond structure and the bilayer interface where they can promote net zerocurvature at the bilayer interface. Not to be bound by theory but, netzero curvature is more readily achieved when the head group of anamphiphile (or group of amphiphiles) and the tail moiety of a amphiphile(or group of amphiphiles) occupy equal or nearly equal volume areas.When the head group and tail moiety area volumes are nearly equal, thereis no driving force to cause the surfactant interface to curve in eitherdirection and then the surfactant interface becomes bicontinuous(Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, 2^(nd), M. J. Rosen). Oftencosurfactants are used to make oil in water bicontinuous micro-emulsions(Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, 2^(nd), M. J. Rosen). A similarprinciple operates with fabric softener bilayers. Diquats, by their verynature have large head groups because the two charged amine moieties areboth very water miscible and therefore, it is helpful to have aprincipal solvent that can migrate to the interface acting to ‘fill in’for the tail volume, to achieve zero curvature necessary to drive thesystem into the isotropic bicontinuous phase. Bilayer modifiers can alsoact as ‘fillers’ that together with the fabric softener active push thesystem into a state of zero curvature necessary to drive the system intothe isotropic bicontinuous phase. With the appropriate bilayer modifier,the principal solvent or organic solvent can be substantially reducedeven to the point, in some cases, of surprisingly eliminating the needto add solvent that is not a part of the polyquaternary, preferablydiquaternary, ammonium fabric softening active raw material because thesolvent is only necessary to break the water structure and no longernecessary to act as a filler at the fabric softener bilayer surface.Unsaturation and/or branching in the components improves flexibility,thus facilitating the bending of the surface of the bilayer, whennecessary.

Bilayer modifiers are highly desired optional components of clearcompositions with low solvent or zero added solvent. Preferably thesecompounds are amphiphilic with a water miscible head group attached to ahydrophobic moiety. When bilayer modifiers are added they areincorporated at effective levels having lower limits typically set atlevels of at or above about 0.25%, preferably at or above about 0.5%,more preferably at or above about 1%, even more preferably at or aboveabout 2.5% by weight of the composition and with higher limits typicallyset at levels at or below about 20%, preferably at or below about 15%,more preferably at or below about 12%, even more preferably, at or belowabout 10% and still more preferably at or below about 8% and mostpreferably at or below about 7.5% by weight of the composition.

Suitable bilayer modifiers include:

(1) Mono-Alkyl Cationic Amine Compounds One of the more preferredclasses of bilayer modifiers includes mono-alkyl cationic aminecompounds and especially the preferred mono-alkyl quaternary ammoniumcompounds. Preferably, the phase transition temperature of themono-alkyl cationic amine, or the mixture of mono-alkyl cationic amines,containing less than about 5% organic solvent or water, is less thanabout 50° C., more preferably less than about 35° C., even morepreferably less than about 20° C., and yet even more preferably lessthan about 10° C., or has no significant endothermic phase transition inthe region from about −50° C. to about 100° C. These generally includemono-alkyl cationic amine compounds having hydrophobes derived fromsaturated and/or unsaturated primary, secondary, and/or branchedhydrocarbons, or mixtures of such amines having a broad distribution ofhydrophobe lengths to lower phase transition temperatures. The phasetransition temperature can be measured with a Mettler TA 3000differential scanning calorimeter with Mettler TC 10A Processor.

Mono-alkyl cationic amine compounds useful in the present invention are,preferably, cationic amine salts of the general formula:[R⁴N⁺(R⁵)₃]A⁻wherein:

-   R⁴ is C₈-C₂₂ alkyl or alkenyl group, preferably C₁₀-C₁₈ alkyl or    alkenyl group, or mixtures of these groups;-   each R⁵ is hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl or substituted alkyl group (e.g.,    hydroxy alkyl or an alkyl group with a carboxylate moiety, or an    alkyl group with a sulfonate or sulfate moiety attached), preferably    C₁-C₃ alkyl group, e.g., methyl (most preferred), ethyl, propyl, and    the like, benzyl group, polyethoxylated chain with from about 2 to    about 50 oxyethylene units, preferably from about 2.5 to about 20    oxyethylene units, more preferably from about 3 to about 10    oxyethylene units, and/or mixtures thereof; and A⁻ is fabric    softener compatible counterion. When the mono-alkyl cationic amine    derives its cationic charge from protonation (e.g. one or more of    each R⁵ is a hydrogen) these compounds can be added to the    composition as either the protonated or free amine with the    assumption that the free amine will become cationic at the preferred    low pH's for these compositions.

An especially preferred example, of mono-alkyl cationic amine compoundparticularly for use as a bilayer modifier, is a cocoalkyltrimethylammonium chloride available from Witco under the trade nameAdogen 461. Other examples for mono-alkyl cationic amine compounds aremonolauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride and monotallow trimethyl ammoniumchloride available from Witco under the trade name Varisoft® 471 andmonooleyl trimethyl ammonium chloride available from Witco under thetradename Varisoft® 417. Amphoterics such as Armeen® Z from Akzo Nobelcan also be used.

The R⁴ group can also be attached to the cationic nitrogen atom througha group containing one, or more, ester, amide, ether, amine, etc.,linking groups. Such linking groups are preferably within from about oneto about three carbon atoms of the nitrogen atom.

Mono-alkyl cationic amine compounds also include C₈-C₂₂ alkyl cholineesters. The preferred compounds of this type have the formula:[R¹X—YN⁺(R)₃]A⁻wherein R¹ is C₉-C₂₂ alkyl or alkenyl group, preferably C¹⁰-C¹⁸ alkyl oralkenyl group, or mixtures of these groups; X is a linking groupcontaining heteroatoms (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) with somenonlimiting linking groups including ethers, esters, and amides withesters being a preferred linking group; Y is a hydrocarbon based linkinggroup containing about 0 to about 4 carbons. R is hydrogen or C₁-C₆alkyl or substituted alkyl group (e.g., hydroxy alkyl or an alkyl groupwith a carboxylate moiety, or an alkyl group with a sulfonate or sulfatemoiety attached), preferably C₁-C₃ alkyl group, e.g., methyl (mostpreferred), ethyl, propyl, and the like, benzyl group, polyethoxylatedchain with from about 2 to about 50 oxyethylene units, preferably fromabout 2.5 to about 20 oxyethylene units, more preferably from about 3 toabout 10 oxyethylene units, and/or mixtures thereof; and A⁻ is fabricsoftener compatible counterion for example, but not limited to Cl⁻ ormethyl sulfate.

Highly preferred compounds include C₁₂-C₁₄ coco choline ester andC₁₆-C₁₈ tallow choline ester.

Suitable biodegradable single-long-chain alkyl compounds containing anester linkage in the long chains are described in U.S. Pat. No.4,840,738, Hardy and Walley, issued Jun. 20, 1989, said patent beingincorporated herein by reference.

Suitable mono-long chain materials correspond to the preferredbiodegradable softener actives disclosed above, where only one R¹ groupis present in the molecule. The R¹ group or YR¹ group, is replacednormally by an R group.

Mono-alkyl quaternary compounds are also useful as softness performanceboosters, charge booster, and they scavenge anionic surfactant in therinse. These quaternary compounds having only a single long alkyl chain,can protect the cationic softener from interacting with anionicsurfactants and/or detergent builders that are carried over into therinse from the wash solution. It is highly desirable to have sufficientsingle long chain quaternary compound, or cationic polymer to tie up theanionic surfactant. This provides improved softness and wrinkle control.

When the mono-long chain alkyl cationic amine compound is present, toboost softness performance, its levels should also be consistent with,and effective for, achieving a clear, stable formulation.

(2) Polar and Non-Polar Hydrophobic Oils

Polar hydrophobic oils are suitable as bilayer modifiers. An especiallypreferred, class of polar oils includes substituted, e.g., esterified,and/or non-substituted carboxylic acids, especially dicarboxylic acids.Nonlimiting examples from this class include dioctyl adipate availablefrom Alzo Inc. under the trade name Wickenol® 158, dioctyl succinateavailable from Alzo Inc. under the trade name Wickenol® 159, and oleyloleate available from Alzo Inc. under the trade name Dermol® OLO. Otheruseful polar oils can be selected from emollients such as fatty esters,e.g. methyl oleates, Wickenols®, derivatives of myristic acid such asisopropyl myristate, and triglycerides such as canola oil; free fattyacids such as those derived from canola oils, fatty alcohols such asoleyl alcohol, bulky esters such as benzyl benzoate and benzylsalicylate, diethyl or dibutyl phthalate; bulky alcohols or diols; andperfume oils particularly low-odor perfume oils such as linalool; monoor poly sorbitan esters; and/or mixtures thereof. Non-polar hydrophobicoils can be selected from petroleum derived oils such as hexane, decane,pentadecane, dodecane, isopropyl citrate and perfume bulky oils such aslimonene, and/or mixtures thereof. In particular, the free fatty acidssuch as partially hardened canola oil can provide increased softnessbenefits.

(3) Nonionic Surfactants

Nonionic surfactants are also useful as bilayer modifiers and preferredbilayer modifiers within this group, are nonionic surfactants containingamine or amide moieties, with ethoxylated amides being especiallypreferred. Nonionic surfactants derived from saturated and/orunsaturated primary, secondary, and/or branched, amine, amide,amine-oxide, fatty alcohol, fatty acid, alkyl phenol, and/or alkyl arylcarboxylic acid compounds, each preferably having from about 6 to about22, more preferably from about 8 to about 18, carbon atoms in ahydrophobic chain, more preferably an alkyl or alkylene chain, whereinat least one active hydrogen of said compounds is ethoxylated with ≦50,preferably ≦30, more preferably from about 5 to about 15, and even morepreferably from about 6 to about 12, ethylene oxide moieties to providean HLB of from about 8 to about 20, preferably from about 10 to about18, and more preferably from about 11 to about 15 are useful as bilayermodifiers.

Nonionic surfactants suitable as bilayer modifiers can be selected fromthe set of nonlimiting classes below:

(a)-Alkyl Amide Alkoxylated Nonionic Surfactants

Suitable surfactants have the formula:R—C(O)—N(R⁴)_(n)—[(R¹O)_(x)(R²O)_(y)R³]_(m)

-   -   wherein R is C₇₋₃₁ linear alkyl, C₇₋₂₁ branched alkyl, C₇₋₂₁        linear alkenyl, C₇₋₂₁ branched alkenyl, and/or mixtures thereof.        Preferably R is C₈₋₁₈ linear alkyl or alkenyl.    -   R¹ is —CH₂—CH₂—, R² is C₃-C₄ linear alkyl, C₃-C₄ branched alkyl,        and/or mixtures thereof; preferably R² is —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—.        Surfactants which comprise a mixture of R¹ and R² units        preferably comprise from about 4 to about 12 —CH₂—CH₂— units in        combination with from about 1 to about 4 —CH(CH₃)—CH₂— units.        The units can be alternating or grouped together in any        combination suitable to the formulator. Preferably the ratio of        R¹ units to R² units is from about 4:1 to about 8:1. Preferably        an R² unit (i.e. —C(CH₃)H—CH₂) is attached to the nitrogen atom        followed by the balance of the chain comprising from about 4 to        8 —CH₂—CH₂ units.    -   R³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear alkyl, C₃-C₄ branched alkyl, and/or        mixtures thereof; preferably hydrogen or methyl, more preferably        hydrogen.    -   R⁴ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear alkyl, C₃-C₄ branched alkyl, and/or        mixtures thereof; preferably hydrogen. When the index m is equal        to 2 the index n must be equal to 0 and the R⁴ unit is absent.

The index m is 1 or 2, the index n is 0 or 1, provided that m+n equals2; preferably m is equal to 1 and n is equal to 1, resulting in one—[(R¹O)_(x)(R²O)_(y)R³] unit and R4 being present on the nitrogen. Theindex x is from 0 to about 50, preferably from about 3 to about 25, morepreferably from about 3 to about 10. The index y is from 0 to about 10,preferably 0, however when the index y is not equal to 0, y is from 1 toabout 4. Preferably all the alkyleneoxy units are ethyleneoxy units.

Examples of suitable ethoxylated alkyl amide surfactants are Rewopal® C₆from Witco, Amidox® C5 from Stepan, and Ethomid® O/17 and Ethomid® HT/60from Akzo.

(b)-Alkyl or Alkyl-aryl Nonionic Alkoxylated Surfactants

Suitable alkyl alkoxylated nonionic surfactants with amine functionalityare generally derived from saturated or unsaturated, primary, secondary,and branched fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty methyl esters, alkylphenol, alkyl benzoates, and alkyl benzoic acids that are converted toamines, amine-oxides, and optionally substituted with a second alkyl oralkyl-aryl hydrocarbon with one or two alkylene oxide chains attached atthe amine functionality each having ≦about 50 moles alkylene oxidemoieties (e.g. ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide) per mole of amine.The amine or amine-oxide surfactants for use herein have at least onehydrophobe with from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, and are in eitherstraight chain and/or branched chain configuration, preferably there isone hydrocarbon in a straight chain configuration having about 8 toabout 18 carbon atoms with one or two alkylene oxide chains attached tothe amine moiety, in average amounts of ≦50 about moles of alkyleneoxide per amine moiety, more preferably from about 5 to about 15 molesof alkylene oxide, and most preferably a single alkylene oxide chain onthe amine moiety containing from about 8 to about 12 moles of alkyleneoxide per amine moiety. Preferred materials of this class also have pourpoints about 70° F. and/or do not solidify in these clear formulations.Examples of ethoxylated amine surfactants include Berol® 397 and 303from Rhone Poulene and Ethomeens® C/20, C25, T/25, S/20, S/25 andEthodumeens® T/20 and T25 from Akzo.

Suitable alkyl alkoxylated nonionic surfactants are generally derivedfrom saturated or unsaturated primary, secondary, and branched fattyalcohols, fatty acids, alkyl phenols, or alkyl aryl (e.g., benzoic)carboxylic acid, where the active hydrogen(s) is alkoxylated with ≦about 30 alkylene, preferably ethylene, oxide moieties (e.g. ethyleneoxide and/or propylene oxide). These nonionic surfactants for use hereinpreferably have from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms on the allyl oralkenyl chain, and are in either straight chain or branched chainconfiguration, preferably straight chain configurations having fromabout 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, with the alkylene oxide being present,preferably at the primary position, in average amounts of ≦about 30moles of alkylene oxide per alkyl chain, more preferably from about 5 toabout 15 moles of alkylene oxide, and most preferably from about 8 toabout 12 moles of alkylene oxide. Preferred materials of this class alsohave pour points of about 70° F. and/or do not solidify in these clearformulations. Examples of alkyl alkoxylated surfactants with straightchains include Neodol® 91-8, 25-9,1-9, 25-12, 1-9, and 45-13 from Shell,Plurafac® B-26 and C-17 from BASF, and Brij® 76 and 35 from ICISurfactants. Examples of branched alkyl alkoxylated surfactants includeTergitol 15-S-12, 15-S—IS, and 15-S-20 from Union Carbide andEmulphogene BC-720 and BC-840 from GAF. Examples of alkyl-arylalkoxylated surfactants include Igepal CO-620 and CO-710, from RhonePoulenc, Triton® N-111 and N-150 from Union Carbide, Dowfax® 9N5 fromDow and Lutensol® AP9 and AP14, from BASF.

Preferably, the compounds of the alkyl or alkyl-aryl alkoxylatedsurfactants and alkyl or alkyl-aryl amine and amine-oxide alkoxylatedsurfactants have the following general formula:R¹ _(m)—Y —[(R²—O)_(z)—H]_(p)wherein each R¹ is selected from the group consisting of saturated orunsaturated, primary, secondary or branched chain allyl or alkyl-arylhydrocarbons; said hydrocarbon chain preferably having a length of fromabout 6 to about 22, more preferably from about 8 to about 18 carbonatoms, and even more preferably from about 8 to about 15 carbon atoms,preferably, linear and with no aryl moiety; wherein each R² is selectedfrom the following groups or combinations of the following groups:—(CH₂)_(n)—; wherein about 1<n≦about 3, preferably from 2-3, morepreferably 2; Y is selected from the following groups: —O—; —N(A)_(q)—;—C(O)O—; —(O←)N(A)_(q)—; —B—R³O—; —B—R³—N(A)_(q)—; —B—R³—C(O)O—;—B—R³—N(→O)(A)—; and/or mixtures thereof; wherein A is selected from thefollowing groups: H; R¹; —(R²—O)_(z)—H; —(CH₂)_(x)CH₃; phenyl, orsubstituted aryl, wherein 0≦x≦about 3 and B is selected from thefollowing groups: —O—; —N(A)—; —C(O)O—; and/or mixtures thereof in whichA is as defined above; and wherein each R³ is selected from thefollowing groups: R²; phenyl; or substituted aryl. The terminal hydrogenin each alkoxy chain can be replaced by a short chain C₁₋₄ alkyl or acylgroup to “cap” the alkoxy chain. z is from about 5 to about 30. p is thenumber of ethoxylate chains, typically one or two, preferably one and mis the number of hydrophobic chains, typically one or two, preferablyone, and q is a number that indicates the number of moieties thatcompletes the structure, usually one.

Preferred structures are those in which m=1, p=1 or 2, and 5≦z≦30, and qcan be 1 or 0, but when p=2, q must be 0; more preferred are structuresin which m=1, p=1 or 2, and 7≦z≦20; and even more preferred arestructures in which m=1, p=1 or 2, and 9≦z≦12. The preferred y is 0.

(c)-Alkoxylated and Non-alkoxylated Nonionic Surfactants With Bulky HeadGroups

Suitable alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated phase stabilizers with bulkyhead groups are generally derived from saturated or unsaturated,primary, secondary, and branched fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenol, and alkyl benzoic acids that are derivatized with a carbohydrategroup or heterocyclic head group. This structure can then be optionallysubstituted with more alkyl or alkyl-aryl alkoxylated or non-alkoxylatedhydrocarbons. The heterocyclic or carbohydrate is alkoxylated with oneor more alkylene oxide chains (e.g. ethylene oxide and/or propyleneoxide) each having ≦about 50, preferably ≦about 30, moles perheterocyclic or carbohydrate head group. The hydrocarbon groups on thecarbohydrate or heterocyclic surfactant for use herein have from about 6to about 22 carbon atoms, and are in either straight chain and/orbranched chain configuration. Preferably there is one hydrocarbon havingfrom about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms with one or two alkylene oxidechains carbohydrate or heterocyclic moiety with each alkylene oxidechain present in average amounts of ≦about 50, preferably ≦about 30, percarbohydrate or heterocyclic moiety, more preferably from about 5 toabout 15 moles of alkylene oxide per alkylene oxide chain, and mostpreferably between about 8 and about 12 moles of alkylene oxide totalper surfactant molecule including alkylene oxide on both the hydrocarbonchain and on the heterocyclic or carbohydrate moiety. Examples of phasestabilizers in this class are Tween® 40, 60, and 80 available from ICISurfactants.

Preferably the compounds of the alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated nonionicsurfactants with bulky head groups have the following general formulas:R₁—C(O)—Y′—[C(R⁵)]_(m)—CH₂O(R₂O)_(z)Hwherein R is selected from the group consisting of saturated orunsaturated, primary, secondary or branched chain alkyl or alkyl-arylhydrocarbons; said hydrocarbon chain having a length of from about 6 toabout 22; Y′ is selected from the following groups: —O—; —N(A)—; and/ormixtures thereof; and A is selected from the following groups: H; R¹;—R²—O)_(z)—H; —(CH₂)_(x)CH₃; phenyl, or substituted aryl, wherein0≦x≦about 3 and z is from about 5 to about 30; each R² is selected fromthe following groups or combinations of the following groups:—(CH₂)_(n)— and/or —[CH(CH₃)CH₂]—; and each R⁵ is selected from thefollowing groups: —OH; and —O(R²O)_(z)H; and m is from about 2 to about4;

Another useful general formula for this class of surfactants is

-   -   wherein Y″=N or O; and each R⁵ is selected independently from        the following: —H, —OH, —(CH₂)xCH₃, —(OR²)_(z)—H, —OR¹,        —OC(O)R¹, and —CH₂(CH₂—)(OR²)_(z)—H)—CH₂—(OR²)_(z)—C(O) R¹. With        x, R¹, and R² as defined above in section D above z, z′, and z″        are all from about 5≦to≦5 about 20, more preferably the total        number of z+z′+z″ is from about 5≦to ≦about 20. In a        particularly preferred form of this structure the heterocyclic        ring is a five member ring with Y″=O, one R⁵ is —H, two R⁵ are        —O—(R²O)_(x)—H, and at least one R⁵ has the following structure        —CH(CH₂—(OR²)_(z)—H)—CH₂—(OR²)_(z)—OC(O)R¹ with the total        z+z′+z″ to from about 8≦to ≦about 20 and R¹ is a hydrocarbon        with from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and no aryl group.

Another group of surfactants that can be used are polyhydroxy fatty acidamide surfactants of the formula:R⁶—C(O)—N(R⁷)—Zwherein: each R⁷ is H, C₁-C₄ hydrocarbyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, orhydroxyalkyl, e.g., 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, etc., preferablyC₁-C₄ alkyl, more preferably C₁ or C₂ alkyl, most preferably C₁ alkyl(i.e., methyl) or methoxyalkyl; and R⁶ is a C₅-C₃₁ hydrocarbyl moiety,preferably straight chain C₇-C₁₉ alkyl or alkenyl, more preferablystraight chain C₉-C₁₇ alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chainC₁₁-C₁₇ alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof; and Z is apolyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with atleast 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylatedderivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Zpreferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductiveamination reaction; more preferably Z is a glycityl moiety. Z preferablywill be selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—(CHOH)_(n)—CH₂OH,—CH(CH₂OH)—(CHOH)_(n)—CH₂OH, —CH₂—(CHOH)₂(CHOR′)(CHOH)—CH₂OH, where n isan integer from 3 to 5, inclusive, and R′ is H or a cyclic mono- orpoly-saccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred areglycityls wherein n is 4, particularly —CH₂—(CHOH)₄—CH₂O. Mixtures ofthe above Z moieties are desirable.

R⁶ can be, for example, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-isopropyl,N-butyl, N-isobutyl, N-2-hydroxyethyl, N-1-methoxypropyl, orN-2-hydroxypropyl.

R⁶-−CO—N< can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide,lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc.

Z can be 1-deoxyglucityl, 2-deoxyfructityl, 1-deoxymaltityl,1-deoxylactityl, 1-deoxygalactityl, 1-deoxymannityl,1-deoxymaltotriotityl, etc.

(d)-Block Copolymers Obtained by Copolymerization of Ethylene Oxide andPropylene Oxide

Suitable polymers include a copolymer having blocks of terephthalate andpolyethylene oxide. More specifically, these polymers are comprised ofrepeating units of ethylene and/or propylene terephthalate andpolyethylene oxide terephthalate at a preferred molar ratio of ethyleneterephthalate units to polyethylene oxide terephthalate units of fromabout 25:75 to about 35:65, said polyethylene oxide terephthalatecontaining polyethylene oxide blocks having molecular weights of fromabout 300 to about 2000. The molecular weight of this polymer is in therange of from about 5,000 to about 55,000.

Another preferred polymer is a crystallizable polyester with repeatunits of ethylene terephthalate units containing from about 10% to about15% by weight of ethylene terephthalate units together with from about10% to about 50% by weight of polyoxyethylene terephthalate units,derived from a polyoxyethylene glycol of average molecular weight offrom about 300 to about 6,000, and the molar ratio of ethyleneterephthalate units to polyoxyethylene terephthalate units in thecrystallizable polymeric compound is between 2:1 and 6:1. Examples ofthis polymer include the commercially available materials Zelcon® 4780(from DuPont) and Milease® T (from ICI).

Highly preferred polymers have the generic formula:X—(OCH₂CH₂)_(n)—[O—C(O)—R¹—C(O)—O—R²)_(u)—[O—C(O)—R¹C(O)—O)—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—X  (1)in which X can be any suitable capping group, with each X being selectedfrom the group consisting of H, and alkyl or acyl groups containing fromabout 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, n is selected forwater solubility and generally is from about 6 to about 113, preferablyfrom about 20 to about 50, and u is critical to formulation in a liquidcomposition having a relatively high ionic strength. There should bevery little material in which u is greater than 10. Furthermore, thereshould be at least 20%, preferably at least 40%, of material in which uranges from about 3 to about 5.

The R¹ moieties are essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties. As used herein,the term “the R¹ moieties are essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties” refersto compounds where the R¹ moieties consist entirely of 1,4-phenylenemoieties, or are partially substituted with other arylene or alkarylenemoieties, alkylene moieties, alkenylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.Arylene and alkarylene moieties which can be partially substituted for1,4-phenylene include 1,3-phenylene, 1,2-phenylene, 1,8-naphthylene,1,4-naphthylene, 2,2-biphenylene, 4,4-biphenylene and/or mixturesthereof. Alkylene and alkenylene moieties which can be partiallysubstituted include ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,4-butylene,1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexamethylene, 1,7-heptamethylene, 1,8-octamethylene,1,4-cyclohexylene, and/or mixtures thereof.

For the R¹ moieties, the degree of partial substitution with moietiesother than 1,4-phenylene should be such that the desired properties ofthe compound are not adversely affected to any great extent. Generally,the degree of partial substitution which can be tolerated will dependupon the backbone length of the compound, i.e., longer backbones canhave greater partial substitution for 1,4-phenylene moieties. Usually,compounds where the R¹ comprise from about 50% to about 100%1,4-phenylene moieties (from 0 to about 50% moieties other than1,4-phenylene) are adequate. Preferably, the R¹ moieties consistentirely of (i.e., comprise 100%) 1,4-phenylene moieties, i.e., each R¹moiety is 1,4-phenylene.

For the R² moieties, suitable ethylene or substituted ethylene moietiesinclude ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,2-hexylene,3-methoxy-1,2-propylene and/or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the R²moieties are essentially ethylene moieties, 1,2-propylene moieties ormixture thereof. Inclusion of a greater percentage of 1,2-propylenemoieties tends to improve the water solubility of the compounds.

Therefore, the use of 1,2-propylene moieties or a similar branchedequivalent is desirable for incorporation of any substantial part of thepolymer in the liquid fabric softener compositions. Preferably, fromabout 75% to about 100%, more preferably from about 90% to about 100%,of the R² moieties are 1,2-propylene moieties.

The value for each n is at least about 6, and preferably is at leastabout 10. The value for each n usually ranges from about 12 to about113. Typically, the value for each n is in the range of from about 12 toabout 43.

A more complete disclosure of these polymers is contained in EuropeanPatent Application 185,427, Gosselink, published Jun. 25, 1986,incorporated herein by reference.

Other preferred copolymers include surfactants, such as thepolyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene (PO/EO/PO) reverseblock polymers.

The copolymer can optionally contain propylene oxide in an amount up toabout 15% by weight. Other preferred copolymer surfactants can beprepared by the processes described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,223,163, issuedSep. 16, 1980, Builloty, incorporated herein by reference.

Suitable block polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polymeric compounds thatmeet the Tents described hereinbefore include those based on ethyleneglycol, propylene glycol glycerol, trimethylolpropane andethylenediamine as initiator reactive hydrogen compound. Certain of theblock polymer surfactant compounds designated PLURONIC® and TETRONIC® bythe BASF-Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, Mich., are suitable in compositionsof the invention.

A particularly preferred copolymer contains from about 40% to about 70%of a polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block polymerblend comprising about 75%, by weight of the blend, of a reverse blockcopolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene containing 17 moles ofethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide; and about 25%, by weightof the blend, of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene andpolyoxypropylene initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 99moles of propylene oxide and 24 moles of ethylene oxide per mole oftrimethylolpropane.

Suitable for use as copolymer are those having relatively highhydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB).

Other polymers useful herein include the polyethylene glycols having amolecular weight of from about 950 to about 30,000 which can be obtainedfrom the Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Mich. Such compounds forexample, have a melting point within the range of from about 30° C. toabout 100° C., can be obtained at molecular weights of 1,450, 3,400,4,500, 6,000, 7,400, 9,500, and 20,000. Such compounds are formed by thepolymerization of ethylene glycol with the requisite number of moles ofethylene oxide to provide the desired nolecular weight and melting pointof the respective polyethylene glycol.

Other block copolymers include the polyalkylene oxide polysiloxaneshaving a dimethyl polysiloxane hydrophobic moiety and one or morehydrophilic polyalkylene side chains, and having the general formula:R^(1‘—)(CH₃)₂SiO—[(CH₃)₂SiO]_(a)—[(CH₃)(R¹)SiO]_(b)—Si(CH₃)₂—R¹wherein a+b are from about 1 to about 50, preferably from about 3 toabout 30, more preferably from about 10 to about 25, and each R₁ is thesame or different and is selected from the group consisting of methyland a poly(ethyleneoxide/propyleneoxide) copolymer group having thegeneral formula:—(CH₂)_(n) O(C₂H₄ O)_(c)(C₃H₆O)_(d)R²with at least one R¹ being a poly(ethyleneoxy/propyleneoxy) copolymergroup, and wherein n is 3 or 4, preferably 3; total c (for allpolyalkyleneoxy side groups) has a value of from 1 to about 100,preferably from about 6 to about 100; total d is from 0 to about 14,preferably from 0 to about 3; and more preferably d is 0; total c+d hasa value of from about 5 to about 150, preferably from about 9 to about100 and each R² is the same or different and is selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and anacetyl group, preferably hydrogen and methyl group. Each polyalkyleneoxide polysiloxane has at least one R¹ group being apoly(ethyleneoxide/propyleneoxide) copolymer group.

Nonlimiting examples of this type of surfactants are the Silwet®surfactants which are available from CK-Witco are listed below.Representative Silwet surfactants which contain only ethyleneoxy (C₂H₄O)groups are as follows.

Name Average MW Average a + b Average total c L-7608 600 1 9 L-76071,000 2 17 L-77 600 1 9 L-7605 6,000 20 99 L-7604 4,000 21 53 L-76004,000 11 68 L-7657 5,000 20 76 L-7602 3,000 20 29 L-7622 10,000 88 75

Nonlimiting examples of surfactants which contain both ethyleneoxy(C₂H₄O) and propyleneoxy (C₃H₆O) groups are as follows.

Name Average MW EO/PO ratio Silwet L-720 12,000 50/50 Silwet L-700120,000 40/60 Silwet L-7002 8,000 50/50 Silwet L-7210 13,000 20/80 SilwetL-7200 19,000 75/25 Silwet L-7220 17,000 20/80

Some nonlimiting preferred Dow Corning® polyethylene oxide polysiloxanesinclude Dow Corning® 190 Dow Corning®Q2-5211. Other nonlimiting examplesof polyethylene oxide polysiloxanes useful in the present inventioninclude the following compounds available from Dow Corning® 193, FF-400Fluid, Q2-5220, Q4-3667, as well as compounds available from Toray DowCorning® Silicone Co., Ltd. know as SH3771C, SH3772C, SH3773C, SH3746,SH3748, SH3749, SH8400, SF8410, and SH8700, KF351 (A), KF352 (A), KF354(A), and KF615 (A) of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., TSF4440, TSF4445,TSF4446, TSF4452 of Toshiba Silicone Co.

The molecular weight of the polyalkyleneoxy group (R¹) is less than orequal to about 10,000. If propyleneoxy groups are present in thepolyalkylenoxy chain, they can be distributed randomly in the chain orexist as blocks. Surfactants which contain only propyleneoxy groupswithout ethyleneoxy groups are not preferred. Besides surface activity,polyalkylene oxide polysiloxane surfactants can also provide otherbenefits, such as antistatic benefits, lubricity and softness tofabrics.

The preparation of polyalkylene oxide polysiloxanes is well known in theart. Polyalkylene oxide polysiloxanes of the present invention can beprepared according to the procedure set forth in U.S. Pat. No.3,299,112, incorporated herein by reference. Typically, polyalkyleneoxide polysiloxanes of the surfactant blend of the present invention arereadily prepared by an addition reaction between a hydrosiloxane (i.e.,a siloxane containing silicon-bonded hydrogen) and an alkenyl ether(e.g., a vinyl, allyl, or methallyl ether) of an alkoxy or hydroxyend-blocked polyalkylene oxide). The reaction conditions employed inaddition reactions of this type are well known in the art and in generalinvolve heating the reactants (e.g., at a temperature of from about 85°C. to 110° C.) in the presence of a platinum catalyst (e.g.,chloroplatinic acid) and a solvent (e.g., toluene) and;

(4) Mixtures Thereof.

In terms of principal solvent reduction, with the inventioncompositions, a reduction of at least 50% can be made without impairingthe performance of the composition compared to compositions without thephase stabilizers hereinbefore described. Using a preferred sub-class, areduction of more than 80% is possible, and in some cases 100% reductionof added solvent is possible.

Optional Ingredients

a). Perfume

The present invention can contain any softener compatible perfume.Suitable perfumes re disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,500,138 and5,652,206, Bacon et at., issued Mar. 19, 1996 and Jul. 29, 1997respectively, said patents being incorporated herein by reference.

As used herein, perfume includes fragrant substance or mixture ofsubstances including natural (i.e., obtained by extraction of flowers,herbs, leaves, roots, barks, wood, blossoms or plants), artificial(i.e., a mixture of different nature oils or oil constituents) andsynthetic (i.e., synthetically produced) odoriferous substances. Suchmaterials are often accompanied by auxiliary materials, such asfixatives, extenders, stabilizers and solvents. These auxiliaries arealso included within the meaning of “perfume”, as used herein.Typically, perfumes are complex mixtures of a plurality of organiccompounds.

Examples of perfume ingredients useful in the perfumes of the presentinvention compositions include, but are not limited to, those materialsdisclosed in said patents.

The perfumes useful in the present invention compositions are preferablysubstantially free of halogenated materials and nitromusks.

Suitable solvents, diluents or carriers for perfumes ingredientsmentioned above are for examples, ethanol, isopropanol, diethyleneglycol, monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol, diethyl phthalate, triethylcitrate, etc. The amount of such solvents, diluents or carriersincorporated in the perfumes is preferably kept to the minimum needed toprovide a homogeneous perfume solution.

Perfume can be present at a level of from 0% to about 15%, preferablyfrom about 0.1% to about 8%, and more preferably from about 0.2% toabout 5%, by weight of the finished composition. Fabric softenercompositions of the present invention provide improved fabric perfumedeposition.

(b). Additional Fabric Softener Actives and/or Cationic Charge Boosters

(i). Additional Fabric Softener Actives

The category of additional fabric softener actives includes, but is notlimited to conventional monoquaternary amines especially, but notlimited to, compositions comprising actives with two or more hydrophobesand preferably, but not limited to, monoquaternary amines with multiplehydrophobes and low transition temperatures as disclosed below.Additional fabric softener actives also includes, but is not limited to,amphiphilic hydrophobes with nonionic and zwitterionic moieties.

Additional fabric softening agents useful herein are described in U.S.Pat. No. 5,643,865 Mermelstein et al., issued Jul. 1, 1997; U.S. Pat.No. 5,622,925 de Buzzaccarini et al., issued Apr. 22, 1997; U.S. Pat.No. 5,545,350 Baker et al., issued Aug. 13, 1996; U.S. Pat. No.5,474,690 Wahl et al., issued Dec. 12, 1995; U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,868Turner et al., issued Jan. 27, 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,269 Trinh etal. issued Apr. 28, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,335 Burns, issued Mar. 27,1984; U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,578 Verbruggen, issued Aug. 30, 1983: U.S.Pat. No. 4,308,151 Cambre, issued Dec. 29, 1981; U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,016Rudkin et al., issued Oct. 27, 1978; U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,164 Davis,issued Nov. 11, 1980; U.S. Pat. No. 4,045,361 Watt et al., issued Aug.30, 1977; U.S. Pat. No. 3,974,076 Wiersema et al., issued Aug. 10, 1976;U.S. Pat. No. 3,886,075 Bernadino, issued May 6, 1975; U.S. Pat. No.3,861,870 Edwards et al., issued Jan. 21, 1975; and European PatentApplication publication No. 472,178, by Yamamura et al., all of saiddocuments being incorporated herein by reference. The compounds of U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,759,990 and 5,757,443, incorporated herein by reference, areespecially desirable.

The following are examples of preferred softener actives according tothe present invention.

-   -   N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;    -   N,N-di(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;    -   N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium        methyl sulfate;    -   N,N-di(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium        methyl sulfate;    -   N,N-di(tallowylamidoethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium        methyl sulfate;    -   N,N-di(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium        chloride;    -   N,N-di(2-canolyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;    -   N,N-di(2-allowyloxyethylcarbonyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium        chloride;    -   N,N-di(2-canolyloxyethylcarbonyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium        chloride;    -   N-(2-tallowoyloxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl        ammonium chloride;    -   N-(2-canolyloxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-canolyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl        ammonium chloride;    -   N,N,N-tri(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride;    -   N,N,N-tri(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride;    -   N-(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxoethyl)-N-(tallowyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium        chloride;    -   N-(2-canolyloxy-2-oxoethyl)-N-(canolyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium        chloride;    -   1,2-ditallowyloxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylammoniopropane chloride; and    -   1,2-dicanolyloxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylammoniopropane chloride;    -   and mixtures of the above actives.

Particularly preferred is N,N-di(tallowoyloxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride, where the tallow chains are at least partiallyunsaturated and N,N-di(canoloyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammoniumchloride, N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium methyl sulfate; N,N-di(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl,N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate; and/or mixtures thereof.

(ii). Cationic Charge Boosters

Cationic charge boosters can be added to the rinse-added fabricsoftening compositions of the present invention if needed. Some of thecharge boosters serve other functions as described hereinbefore.Typically, ethanol is used to prepare many of the below listedingredients and is therefore a source of solvent into the final productformulation. The formulator is not limited to ethanol, but instead canadd other solvents inter alia hexyleneglycol to aid in formulation ofthe final composition. As disclosed hereinbefore, the cationic aminebilayer modifier can serve this function. Thus the same material canserve two functions, but should only be counted in the formula once.Some of the charge boosters do not function as bilayer modifiers andtherefore are “additional” ingredients.

The preferred cationic charge boosters of the present invention aredescribed herein below.

Polyvinyl Amines

A preferred composition according to the present invention contains atleast about 0.2%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 5%, morepreferably from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight, of one or morepolyvinyl amines having the formula—[—CH₂—CH(NH₂)—]_(y)—wherein y is from about 3 to about 10,000, preferably from about 10 toabout 5,000, more preferably from about 20 to about 500. Polyvinylamines suitable for use in the present invention are available fromBASF. The polyvinyl amine can further comprise polyvinyl formamide unitsresulting from (intended or unintended) incomplete hydrolysis of theparent polyvinylformamide polymer during synthesis. Thesepolyvinylamines have the formula:—[—CH₂—CH(NH₂)—]_(y)—[—CH₂CH(NHC(O)H—]_(z)—where y+z is from about 3, more preferably from about 5, most preferablyfrom about 10 to about 10,000, more preferably to about 5000, mostpreferably to about 500 and the y:z is from 100:0 to 10:90.

Optionally, one or more of the polyvinyl amine backbone —NH2 unithydrogens can be substituted by an alkyleneoxy unit having the formula:—(R¹O)_(x)R²wherein R¹ is C₂-C₄ linear or branched alkyl, R² is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, and/or mixtures thereof; x is from 1 to 50. In one embodiment orthe present invention the polyvinyl amine is reacted first with asubstrate which places a 2-propyleneoxy unit directly on the nitrogenfollowed by reaction of one or more moles of ethylene oxide to form aunit having the general formula:—[CH₂C(CH₃)HO]—(CH₂CH₂O)_(x)Hwherein x has the value of from 1 to about 50. Substitutions such as theabove are represented by the abbreviated formula PO-EO_(x)—. However,more than one propyleneoxy unit can be incorporated into the alkyleneoxysubstituent.

Polyvinyl amines are especially preferred for use as cationic chargebooster in liquid fabric softening compositions since the greater numberof amine moieties per unit weight provides substantial charge density.In addition, the cationic charge is generated in situ and the level ofcationic charge can be adjusted by the formulator.

Polyalkyleneimines

A preferred composition of the present invention comprises at leastabout 0.2%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 10%, more preferablyfrom about 0.2% to about 5% by weight, of a polyalkyleneimine chargebooster having the formula:(H₂N—R)_(n+1)—[N(H)—R]_(m)—[N(−)—R]—NH₂wherein the value of m is from 2 to about 700 and the value of n is from0 to about 350. Preferably the compounds of the present inventioncomprise polyamines having a ratio of m:n that is at least 1:1 but caninclude linear polymers (n equal to 0) as well as a range as high as10:1, preferably the ratio is 2:1. When the ratio of m:n is 2:1, theratio of primary:secondary:tertiary amine moieties, that is the ratio of—RNH₂, —RNH, and —RN moieties, is 1:2:1.

R units are C₂-C₈ alkylene, C₃-C₈ alkyl substituted alkylene, and/ormixtures thereof, preferably ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,3-propylene,and/or mixtures thereof, more preferably ethylene. R units serve toconnect the amine nitrogen atoms of the backbone.

The polyamine backbones have the general formula:[E₂N—R]_(w)[N(E)—R]_(x)[N(B)—R]_(y)NE₂said backbones prior to subsequent modification, comprise primary,secondary and tertiary amine nitrogens connected by R “linking” units.The backbones are comprised of essentially three types of units, whichcan be randomly distributed along the chain.

The units which make up the polyalkyleneimine backbones are primaryamine units having the formula:H₂N—R— and —NH₂which terminate the main backbone and any branching chains, secondaryamine units having the formula:—[N(H)—R]—which propagate the backbone and tertiary amine units having theformula:—[N(B)—R]—which are the branching points of the main and secondary backbonechains, B representing a continuation of the chain structure bybranching. The tertiary units have no replaceable hydrogen atom and aretherefore not modified by substitution. During the formation of thepolyamine backbones cyclization may occur, therefore, an amount ofcyclic polyamine can be present in the parent polyalkyleneimine backbonemixture. Each primary and secondary amine unit of the cyclicalkyleneimines undergoes modification in the same manner as linear andbranched polyalkyleneimines.

R is C₂-C₆ linear alkylene, C₃-C₆ branched alkylene, and/or mixturesthereof, preferred branched alkylene is 1,2-propylene; preferred R isethylene. The preferred polyalkyleneimines of the present invention havebackbones which comprise the same R unit, for example, all units areethylene. Most preferred backbone comprises R groups which are allethylene units.

The polyalkyleneimines of the present invention are preferably modifiedby substitution of each N—H unit hydrogen with an alkyleneoxy unithaving the formula:—(R¹O)_(n)R²wherein R₁ is ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,2-butylene,1,4-butylene, and/or mixtures thereof, preferably ethylene and1,2-propylene, more preferably ethylene. R² is hydrogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl,and/or mixtures thereof, preferably hydrogen or methyl, more preferablyhydrogen. The value of the index n is dependent upon the benefits andproperties which the formulator wishes to provide. The value of theindex n is from 1 to about 100. Further, any or all of the nitrogenswhich comprise the polyalkyleneimine backbone can be optionally“modified” by quaternization (for example with methyl groups) or byoxidation to the N-oxide. Mixtures of these substitutions can beemployed.

The polyamines of the present invention can be prepared, for example, bypolymerizing ethyleneimine in the presence of a catalyst such as carbondioxide, sodium bisulfite, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide,hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, etc. Specific methods for preparingthese polyamine backbones are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,182,306,Ulrich et al., issued Dec. 5, 1939; U.S. Pat. No. 3,033,746, Mayle etal., issued May 8, 1962; U.S. Pat. No. 2,208,095, Esselmann et al.,issued Jul. 16, 1940; U.S. Pat. No. 2,806,839, Crowther, issued Sep. 17,1957; and U.S. Pat. No. 2,553,696, Wilson, issued May 21, 1951; allherein incorporated by reference. In addition to the linear and branchedPEI's, the present invention also includes the cyclic amines that aretypically formed as artifacts of synthesis. The presence of thesematerials can be increased or decreased depending on the conditionschose by the formulator.

A further description of polyamine compounds is found in U.S. Pat. No.4,891,160 Vander Meer, issued Jan. 2, 1990; U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,898,Vander Meer, issued Jul. 1, 1986; European Patent Application 111,965,Oh and Gosselink, published Jun. 27, 1984; European Patent Application111,984, Gosselink, published Jun. 27, 1984; European Patent Application112,592, Gosselink, published Jul. 4, 1984; U.S. Pat. No. 4,548,744,Connor, issued Oct. 22, 1985; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,145 Watson et al.,issued Oct. 15, 1996; all of which are included herein by reference.

The above alkoxylated compounds can also function as dispersants.

The preferred polyamine cationic charge boosters suitable for use inrinse-added fabric softener compositions comprise backbones wherein lessthan 50% of the R groups comprise more than 3 carbon atoms. The use oftwo and three carbon spacers as R moieties between nitrogen atoms in thebackbone is advantageous for controlling the charge booster propertiesof the molecules. More preferred embodiments of the present inventioncomprise less than 25% moieties having more than 3 carbon atoms. Yetmore preferred backbones comprise less than 10% moieties having morethan 3 carbon atoms.

The cationic charge boosting polyamines of the present inventioncomprise homogeneous or non-homogeneous polyamine backbones, preferablyhomogeneous backbones. For the purpose of the present invention the term“homogeneous polyamine backbone” is defined as a polyamine backbonehaving R units that are the same (i.e., all ethylene). However, thissameness definition does not exclude polyamines that comprise otherextraneous units comprising the polymer backbone that are present due toan artifact of the chosen method of chemical synthesis. For example, itis known to those skilled in the art that ethanolamine can be used as an“initiator” in the synthesis of polyethyleneimines, therefore a sampleof polyethyleneimine that comprises one hydroxyethyl moiety resultingfrom the polymerization “initiator” would be considered to comprise ahomogeneous polyamine backbone for the purposes of the presentinvention.

The term “non-homogeneous polymer backbone” refers to polyaminebackbones that are a composite of one or more alkylene or substitutedalkylene moieties, for example, ethylene and 1,2-propylene units takentogether as R units.

However, not all of the suitable charge booster agents belonging to thiscategory of polyamine comprise the above described polyamines. Otherpolyamines that comprise the backbone of the compounds of the presentinvention are generally polyalkyleneamines (PAA's), polyalkyleneimines(PAI's), preferably polyethyleneamine (PEA's), or polyethyleneimines(PEI's). A common polyalkyleneamine (PAA) is tetrabutylenepentamine.PEA's are obtained by reactions involving ammonia and ethylenedichloride, followed by fractional distillation. The common PEA'sobtained are triethylenetetramine (TETA) and tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA). Above the pentamines, i.e., the hexamines, heptamines, octaminesand possibly nonamines, the cogenerically derived mixture does notappear to separate by distillation and can include other materials suchas cyclic amines and particularly piperazines. There can also be presentcyclic amines with side chains in which nitrogen atoms appear. See U.S.Pat. No. 2,792,372, Dickinson, issued May 14, 1957, which describes thepreparation of PEA's.

Cationic Polymers

Composition herein can contain from about 0.001% to about 10%,preferably from about 0.01% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.1%to about 2%, of cationic polymer, typically having a molecular weight offrom about 500 to about 1,000,000, preferably from about 1,000 to about500,000, more preferably from about 1,000 to about 250,000, and evenmore preferably from about 2,000 to about 100,000 and a charge densityof at least about 0.01 meq/gm., preferably from about 0.1 to about 8meq/gm., more preferably from about 0.5 to about 7, and even morepreferably from about 2 to about 6.

The cationic polymers of the present invention can be amine salts orquaternary ammonium salts. Preferred are quaternary ammonium salts. Theyinclude cationic derivatives of natural polymers such as somepolysaccharide, gums, starch and certain cationic synthetic polymerssuch as polymers and copolymers of cationic vinyl pyridine or vinylpyridinium halides. Preferably the polymers are water soluble, forinstance to the extent of at least 0.5% by weight at 20° C. Preferablythey have molecular weights of from about 600 to about 1,000,000, morepreferably from about 600 to about 500,000, even more preferably fromabout 800 to about 300,000, and especially from about 1000 to 10,000. Asa general rule, the lower the molecular weight the higher the degree ofsubstitution (D.S.) by cationic, usually quaternary groups, which isdesirable, or, correspondingly, the lower the degree of substitution thehigher the molecular weight which is desirable, but no preciserelationship appears to exist. In general, the cationic polymers shouldhave a charge density of at least about 0.01 meq/gm., preferably fromabout 0.1 to about 8 meq/gm., more preferably from about 0.5 to about 7,and even more preferably from about 2 to about 6.

Suitable desirable cationic polymers are disclosed in “CTFA”International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fourth Edition, J. M.Nikitakis, et al, Editors, published by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, andFragrance Association, 1991, incorporated herein by reference. The listincludes the following nonlimiting examples:

Of the polysaccharide gums, guar and locust bean gums, which aregalactomannam gums are available commercially, and are preferred. Thusguar gums are marketed under Trade Names CSAA M/200, CSA 200/50 byMeyhall and Stein-Hall, and hydroxyalkylated guar gums are availablefrom the same suppliers. Other polysaccharide gums commerciallyavailable include: Xanthan Gum; Ghatti Gum; Tamarind Gum; Gum Arabic;and Agar.

Cationic guar gums and methods for making them are disclosed in BritishPat. No. 1,136,842 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,031,307. Preferably they have aD.S. of from 0.1 to about 0.5.

An effective cationic guar gum is Jaguar C-13S (Trade Name-Meyhall).Cationic guar gums are a highly preferred group of cationic polymers incompositions according to the invention and act both as scavengers forresidual anionic surfactant and also add to the softening effect ofcationic textile softeners even when used in baths containing little orno residual anionic surfactant. The other polysaccharide-based gums canbe quaternized similarly and act substantially in the same way withvarying degrees of effectiveness. Suitable starches and derivatives arethe natural starches such as those obtained from maize, wheat, barleyetc., and from roots such as potato, tapioca etc., and dextrins,particularly the pyrodextrins such as British gum and white dextrin.

Other effective cationic polymers include polyamines formed via thecondensation of epi-chlorohydrin and dialkyl amines depicted by thegeneral formula below:—[N⁺(R¹)(R²)—CH₂—CH(OH)CH₂]_(x)—With R1 and R1 being the same or different and comprising carbonbackbones with 1 to about 22 carbons. The carbon backbones can containinterrupters or substituents comprising heteroatoms such as nitrogen,oxygen, sulfur, and halogens; preferably, R¹=R²=a methyl radical;typical molecular weights are greater than about 10,000, and preferablygreater than about 20,000, but below about 500,000 and preferably belowabout 300,000. Some nonlimiting commercial materials include Cypro® 514,Cypro® 515, and Cypro® 516 from Cytec Industries, Inc, West Patterson,N.J.

Some nonlimiting examples of very effective individual cationic polymersare the following: Polyvinyl pyridine, molecular weight about 40,000,with about 60% of the available pyridine nitrogen atoms arequaternized.; Copolymer of 70/30 molar proportions of vinylpyridine/styrene, molecular weight about 43,000, with about 45% of theavailable pyridine nitrogen atoms quaternized as above; Copolymers of60/40 molar proportions of vinyl pyridine/acrylamide, with about 35% ofthe available pyridine nitrogens quaternized as above. Copolymers of77/23 and 57/43 molar proportions of vinyl pyridine/methyl methacrylate,molecular weight about 43,000, with about 97% of the available pyridinenitrogen atoms quaternized as above.

These cationic polymers are effective in the compositions at very lowconcentrations for instance from 0.001% by weight to 0.2% especiallyfrom about 0.02% to 0.1%. In some instances the effectiveness seems tofall off, when the content exceeds some optimum level, such as forpolyvinyl pyridine and its styrene copolymer about 0.05%.

Some other nonlimiting examples of effective cationic polymers are:Copolymer of vinyl pyridine and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (63/37) with about40% of the available pyridine nitrogens quaternized.; Copolymer of vinylpyridine and acrylonitrile (60/40), quaternized as above.; Copolymer ofN,N-dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate and styrene (55/45) quaternized asabove at about 75% of the available amino nitrogen atoms. Eudragit E(Trade Name of Rohm GmbH) quaternized as above at about 75% of theavailable amino nitrogen atoms. Eudragit E is believed to be copolymerof N,N-dialkyl amino alkyl methacrylate and a neutral acrylic acidester, and to have molecular weight about 100,000 to 1,000,000.;Copolymer of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and N,N-diethyl amino methylmethacrylate (40/50), quaternized at about 50% of the available aminonitrogen atoms.; These cationic polymers can be prepared in a knownmanner by quaternizing the basic polymers.

Yet other nonlimiting examples of cationic polymeric salts arequaternized polyethyleneimines. These have at least 10 repeating units,some or all being quaternized. Commercial examples of polymers of thisclass are also sold under the generic Trade Name Alcostat by AlliedColloids.

Another nonlimiting example of effective cationic polymers include thepolydiallydimethyl ammonium chlorides. Typically these have molecularweights greater than about 10,000 K and less than about 1,000,000. Somenonlimiting commercial examples of these materials include Magniflo®S587, Magnifloc® 589, Magnifloc® 591, and Magnifloc® 592 from CytecIndustries, Inc.

Typical examples of polymers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,382,incorporated herein by reference.

Each polyamine nitrogen whether primary, secondary or tertiary, isfurther defined as being a member of one of three general classes;simple substituted, quaternized or oxidized.

The polymers are made neutral by water soluble anions such as chlorine(Cl⁻), bromine (Br⁻), iodine (I⁻) or any other negatively chargedradical such as sulfate (SO₄₂—) and methosulfate (CH₃SO₃—).

Specific polyamine backbones acre disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,182,306,Ulrich et al., issued Dec. 5, 1939; U.S. Pat. No. 3,033,746, Mayle etal., issued May 8, 1962; U.S. Pat. No. 2,208,095, Esselmann et al.,issued Jul. 16, 1940; U.S. Pat. No. 2,806,839, Crowther, issued Sep. 17,1957; and U.S. Pat. No. 2,553,696, Wilson, issued May 21, 1951; allherein incorporated by reference.

An example of modified polyamine cationic polymers of the presentinvention comprising PEI's comprising a PEI backbone wherein allsubstitutable nitrogens are modified by replacement of hydrogen with apolyoxyalkyleneoxy unit, —(CH₂CH₂O)₇H. Other suitable polyamine cationicpolymers comprise this molecule which is then modified by subsequentoxidation of all oxidizable primary and secondary nitrogen atoms toN-oxides and/or some backbone amine units are quaternized, e.g. withmethyl groups.

Of course, mixtures of any of the above described cationic polymers canbe employed, and the selection of individual polymers or of particularmixtures can be used to control the physical properties of thecompositions such as viscosity and stability.

(c). Other Optional Ingredients

i). Brighteners

The compositions herein can also optionally contain from about 0.005% toabout 5% by weight of certain types of hydrophilic optical brightenerswhich also provide a dye transfer inhibition action. If used, thecompositions herein will preferably comprise from about 0.001% to about1% by weight of such optical brighteners.

The hydrophilic optical brighteners useful in the present invention arethose described in said U.S. Pat No. 5,759,990 at column 21, lines15-60.

(ii). Chemical Stabilizers

Chemical stabilizers can be present in the compositions of the presentinvention. The term “stabilizer,” as used herein, includes antioxidantsand reductive agents. These agents are present at a level of from 0% toabout 2%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 0.2%, more preferablyfrom about 0.035% to about 0.1% for antioxidants, and, preferably, fromabout 0.01% to about 0.2% for reductive agents. These assure good odorstability under long term storage conditions. Antioxidants and reductiveagent stabilizers are especially critical for unscented or low scentproducts (no or low perfume).

Examples of antioxidants that can be added to the compositions and inthe processing of this invention include a mixture of ascorbic acid,ascorbic palmitate, propyl gallate, available from Eastman ChemicalProducts, Inc., under the trade names Tenox® PG and Tenox® S-1; amixture of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), BHA (butylatedhydroxyanisole), propyl gallate, and citric acid, available from EastmanChemical Products, Inc., under the trade name Tenox® −6; butylatedhydroxytoluene, available from UOP Process Division under the trade nameSustane® BHT; tertiary butylhydroquinone, Eastman Chemical Products,Inc., as Tenox® TBHQ; natural tocopherols, Eastman Chemical Products,Inc., as Tenox® GT-1/GT-2; and butylated hydroxyanisole, EastmanChemical Products, Inc., as BHA; long chain esters (C₈-C₂₂) of gallicacid, e.g., dodecyl gallate; Irganox® 1010; Irganox® 1035; Irganox® B1171; Irganox® 1425; Irganox® 3114; Irganox® 3125; and/or mixturesthereof; preferably Irganox®3125, Irganox® 1425. Irganox® 3114, and/ormixtures thereof; more preferably Irganox®3125 alone or mixed withcitric acid and/or other chelators such as isopropyl citrate, Dequest®2010, available from Monsanto with a chemical name of1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (etidronic acid), and Tiron®,available from Kodak with a chemical name of4,5-dihydroxy-m-benzene-sulfonic acid/sodium salt, and DTPA®, availablefrom Aldrich with a chemical name of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.

(iii). Soil Release Agent

Suitable soil release agents are disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No.5,759,990 at column 23, line 53 through column 25, line 41. The additionof the soil release agent can occur in combination with the premix, incombination with the acid/water seat, before or after electrolyteaddition, or after the final composition is made. The softeningcomposition prepared by the process of the present invention herein cancontain from 0% to about 10%, preferably from 0.2% to about 5%, of asoil release agent. Preferably, such a soil release agent is a polymer.Polymeric soil release agents useful in the present invention includecopolymeric blocks of terephthalate and polyethylene oxide orpolypropylene oxide, and the like.

A preferred soil release agent is a copolymer having blocks ofterephthalate and polyethylene oxide. More specifically, these polymersare comprised of repeating units of ethylene terephthalate andpolyethylene oxide terephthalate at a molar ratio of ethyleneterephthalate units to polyethylene oxide terephthalate units of from25:75 to about 35:65, said polyethylene oxide terephthalate containingpolyethylene oxide blocks having molecular weights of from about 300 toabout 2000. The molecular weight of this polymeric soil release agent isin the range of from about 5,000 to about 55,000.

Another preferred polymeric soil release agent is a crystallizablepolyester with repeat units of ethylene terephthalate units containingfrom about 10% to about 15% by weight of ethylene terephthalate unitstogether with from about 10% to about 50% by weight of polyoxyethyleneterephthalate units, derived from a polyoxyethylene glycol of averagemolecular weight of from about 300 to about 6,000, and the molar ratioof ethylene terephthalate units to polyoxyethylene terephthalate unitsin the crystallizable polymeric compound is between 2:1 and 6:1.Examples of this polymer include the commercially available materialsZelcon 4780® (from Dupont) and Milease T® (from ICI).

These soil release agents can also act as a scum dispersant.

(iv). Bactericides

Examples of bactericides used in the compositions of this inventioninclude glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, 2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diolsold by Inolex Chemicals, located in Philadelphia, Pa., under the tradename Bronopol®, and a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-oneand 2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one sold by Rohm and Haas Company underthe trade name Kathon® about 1 to about 1,000 ppm by weight of theagent.

(v). Chelating Agents

The compositions and processes herein can optionally employ one or morecopper and/or nickel chelating agents (“chelators”). Such water-solublechelating agents can be selected from the group consisting of aminocarboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substituted aromaticchelating agents and/or mixtures thereof, all as hereinafter defined.The whiteness and/or brightness of fabrics are substantially improved orrestored by such chelating agents and, as discussed before, thestability of the materials in the compositions are improved.

The chelating agents disclosed in said U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,990 at column26, line 29 through column 27, line 38 are suitable.

The chelating agents are typically used in the present rinse process atlevels from about 2 ppm to about 25 ppm, for periods from 1 minute up toseveral hours' soaking.

A preferred EDDS chelator that can be used herein (also known asethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinate) is the material described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,704,233, cited hereinabove, and has the formula (shown in freeacid form):HN(L)C₂H₄N(L)Hwherein L is a CH₂(COOH)CH₂(COOH) group.

A wide variety of chelators can be used herein. Indeed, simplepolycarboxylates such as citrate, oxydisuccinate, and the like, can alsobe used, although such chelators are not as effective as the aminocarboxylates and phosphonates, on a weight basis. Accordingly, usagelevels can be adjusted to take into account differing degrees ofchelating effectiveness. The chelators herein will preferably have astability constant (of the fully ionized chelator) for copper ions of atleast about 5, preferably at least about 7. Typically, the chelatorswill comprise from about 0.5% to about 10%, more preferably from about0.75% to about 5%, by weight of the compositions herein, in addition tothose that are stabilizers. Preferred chelators include DETMP,diethylenediaminepentaacetic acid (DETPA), nitrilotriacetate (NTA),ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS), TPED, and/or mixtures thereof. Suchmaterials can also provide crystal growth inhibition.

(vi). Color Care Agent

The composition can optionally comprise from about 0.1% to about 50% ofby weight of the composition of a color care agent having the formula:

 (R₁)(R₂)N(CX₂)_(n)N(R₃)(R₄)

wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear orbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbonsatoms and substituted or unsubstituted aryl having at least 6 carbonatoms; n is an integer from 0 to 6; R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of alkyl; aryl; alkaryl; arylalkyl;hydroxyalkyl; polyhydroxyalkyl; polyalkylether having the formula—(CH₂)_(y)O)_(z)R₇ where R₇ is hydrogen or a linear, branched,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl chain having from 1 to 10 carbonatoms and where y is an integer from 2 to 10 and z is an integer from 1to 30; alkoxy; polyalkoxy having the formula: —O(CH₂)_(y))_(Z)R₇; thegroup —C(O)R₈ where R₉ is alkyl; alkaryl; arylalkyl; hydroxyalkyl;polyhydroxyalkyl and polyalkylether as defined in R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄;(CX₂)_(n)N(R₅)(R₆) with no more than one of R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ being(CX₂)_(n)N(R₅)(R₆) and wherein R₅ and R₆ are alkyl; alkaryl; arylalkyl;hydroxyalkyl; polyhydroxyalkyl; polyalkylether, alkoxy and polyalkoxy asdefined in R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄; and either of R₁+R₃ or R₄ or R₂+R₃ or R₄can combine to form a cyclic substituent.

Preferred agents include those where R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ areindependently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups havingfrom 1 to 10 carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl groups having from 1 to 5carbon atoms, preferably ethyl, methyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl andiso-hydroxypropyl. Also preferred are agents wherein one of R1, R2, R3,R4 is (CX2)_(n)N(R5)(R6), n=3, 4, 6, or mixtures thereof, and remainingR's are independently selected from H, linear or branched C1-10 alkyl,preferably H or methyl. The color care agent has more than about 1%nitrogen by weight of the compound, and preferably more than 7%. Apreferred agent is tetrakis-(2-hydroxylpropyl) ethylenediamine (TPED).These compounds can also function as chelants.

(vii). Silicones

The silicone herein can be either a polydimethyl siloxane (polydimethylsilicone or PDMS), or a derivative thereof, e.g., amino silicones,ethoxylated silicones, etc. The PDMS, is preferably one with a lowmolecular weight, e.g., one having a viscosity of from about 2 to about5000 cSt, preferably from about 5 to about 500 cSt, more preferably fromabout 25 to about 200 cSt Silicone emulsions can conveniently be used toprepare the compositions of the present invention. However, preferably,the silicone is one that is, at least initially, not emulsified. I.e.,the silicone should be emulsified in the composition itself. In theprocess of preparing the compositions, the silicone is preferably addedto the “water seat”, which comprises the water and, optionally, anyother ingredients that normally stay in the aqueous phase.

Low molecular weight PDMS is preferred for use in the fabric softenercompositions of this invention. The low molecular weight PDMS is easierto formulate without pre-emulsification.

Silicone derivatives such as amino-functional silicones, quaternizedsilicones, and silicone derivatives containing Si—OH, Si—H, and/or Si—Clbonds, can be used. However, these silicone derivatives are normallymore substantive to fabrics and can build up on fabrics after repeatedtreatments to actually cause a reduction in fabric absorbency.

When added to water, the fabric softener composition deposits thebiodegradable cationic fabric softening active on the fabric surface toprovide fabric softening effects. However, in a typical laundry process,using an automatic washer, cotton fabric water absorbency can beappreciably reduced at high softener levels and/or after multiplecycles. The silicone improves the fabric water absorbency, especiallyfor freshly treated fabrics, when used with this level of fabricsoftener without adversely affecting the fabric softening performance.The mechanism by which this improvement in water absorbency occurs isnot understood, since the silicones are inherently hydrophobic. It isvery surprising that there is any improvement in water absorbency,rather than additional loss of water absorbency.

The amount of PDMS needed to provide a noticeable improvement in waterabsorbency is dependent on the initial rewettability performance, which,in turn, is dependent on the detergent type used in the wash. Effectiveamounts range from about 2 ppm to about 50 ppm in the rinse water,preferably from about 5 to about 20 ppm. The PDMS to softener activeratio is from about 2:100 to about 50:100, preferably from about 3:100to about 35:100, more preferably from about 4:100 to about 25:100. Asstated hereinbefore, this typically requires from about 0.2% to about20/o, preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, more preferably fromabout 1% to about 5% silicone.

The PDMS also improves the ease of ironing in addition to improving therewettability characteristics of the fabrics. When the fabric carecomposition contains an optional soil release polymer, the amount ofPDMS deposited on cotton fabrics increases and PDMS improves soilrelease benefits on polyester fabrics. Also, the PDMS improves therinsing characteristics of the fabric care compositions by reducing thetendency of the compositions to foam during the rinse. Surprisingly,there is little, if any, reduction in the softening characteristics ofthe fabric care compositions as a result of the presence of therelatively large amounts of PDMS.

The present invention can include other optional componentsconventionally used in textile treatment compositions, for example:colorants; preservatives; surfactants; anti-shrinkage agents: fabriccrisping agents; spotting agents; germicides; fungicides; anti-corrosionagents; enzymes such as proteases, cellulases, amylases, lipases, etc.;and the like.

The present invention can also include other compatible ingredients,including those disclosed U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,376, Rusche, et al.:issued Nov. 11, 1997, Shaw, et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,421,Hartman, et al., issued Jul. 16, 1996, said patents being incorporatedherein by reference.

All parts, percentages, proportions, and ratios herein are by weightunless otherwise specified and all numerical values are approximationsbased upon normal confidence limits. All documents cited are, inrelevant part, incorporated herein by reference.

(viii). Fabric Abrasion Reducing Polymers

The compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.01%,preferably from about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably to about 10% byweight, of a fabric abrasion reducing polymer.

The fabric abrasion reducing polymers useful in the present inventionhave the formula:[—P(D)_(m)—]_(n)wherein the unit P is a polymer backbone which comprises units which arehomopolymeric or copolymeric. D units are defined herein below. For thepurposes of the present invention the term “homopolymeric” is defined as“a polymer backbone which is comprised of units having the same unitcomposition, i.e., formed from polymerization of the same monomer”. Forthe purposes of the present invention the term “copolymeric” is definedas “a polymer backbone which is comprised of units having a differentunit composition, i.e., formed from the polymerization of two or moremonomers”.

P backbones preferably comprise units having the formula:—[CR₂—CR₂]— or —[(CR₂)_(x)—L]—wherein each R unit is independently hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₆-C₁₂aryl, and D units as described herein below; preferably C₁-C₄ alkyl.

Each L unit is independently selected from heteroatom-containingmoieties, non-limiting examples of which are selected from the groupconsisting of:

polysiloxane having the formula:

wherein the index p is from 1 to about 6; units which have dye transferinhibition activity:

and mixtures thereof; wherein R¹ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl,and mixtures thereof. R² is C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkoxy, C₆-C₁₂ aryloxy,and mixtures thereof; preferably methyl and methoxy. R³ is hydrogenC₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl, and mixtures thereof; preferably hydrogen orC₁-C₄ alkyl, more preferably hydrogen. R⁴ is C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl,and mixtures thereof.

The backbones of the fabric abrasion reducing polymers of the presentinvention comprise one or more D units which are units which compriseone or more units which provide a dye transfer inhibiting benefit. The Dunit can be part of the backbone itself as represented in the generalformula:[—P(D)_(m)—]_(n)or the D unit may be incorporated into the backbone as a pendant groupto a backbone unit having, for example, the formula:

However, the number of D units depends upon the formulation. Forexample, the number of D units will be adjusted to formula stability aswell as efficacy of any optional dye transfer inhibition while providinga polymer which has fabric abrasion reducing properties. The molecularweight of the fabric abrasion reducing polymers of the present inventionare from about 500, preferably from about 1,000; to about 6,000,000,preferably to about 2,000,000 daltons. Therefore the value of the indexn is selected to provide the indicated molecular weight.

Polymers Comprising Amide Units

Non-limiting examples of preferred D units are D units which comprise anamide moiety. Examples of polymers wherein an amide unit is introducedinto the polymer via a pendant group includes polyvinylpyrrolidonehaving the formula:

polyvinyloxazolidone having the formula:

polyvinylmethyloxazolidone having the formula:

polyacrylamides and N-substituted polyacrylamides having the formula:

wherein each R′ is independently hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or both R′ unitscan be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms;polymethacrylamides and N-substituted polymethacrylamides having thegeneral formula:

wherein each R′ is independently hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or both R′ unitscan be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms;poly(N-acrylylglycinamide) having the formula:

wherein each R′ is independently hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or both R′ unitscan be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms;poly(N-methacrylylglycinamide) having the formula:

wherein each R′ is independently hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or both R′ unitscan be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms;polyvinylurethanes having the formula:

wherein each R′ is independently hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or both R′ unitscan be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms.

An example of a D unit wherein the nitrogen of the dye transferinhibiting moiety is incorporated into the polymer backbone is apoly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) having the formula:

wherein the index n indicates the number of monomer residues present.

The fabric abrasion reducing polymers of the present invention cancomprise any mixture of dye transfer inhibition units which provides theproduct with suitable properties.

The preferred polymers which comprise D units which are amide moietiesare those which have the nitrogen atoms of the amide unit highlysubstituted so the nitrogen atoms are in effect shielded to a varyingdegree by the surrounding non-polar groups. This provides the polymerswith an amphiphilic character. Non-limiting examples includepolyvinyl-pyrrolidones, polyvinyloxazolidones, N,N-disubstitutedpolyacrylamides, and N,N-disubstituted polymethacrylamides. A detaileddescription of physico-chemical properties of some of these polymers aregiven in “Water-Soluble Synthetic Polymers: Properties and Behavior”,Philip Molyneux, Vol. 1, CRC Press, (1983) included herein by reference.

The amide containing polymers may be present partially hydrolyzed and/orcrosslinked forms. A preferred polymeric compound for the presentinvention is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). This polymer has an amphiphiliccharacter with a highly polar amide group conferring hydrophilic andpolar-attracting properties, and also has non-polar methylene andmethine groups, in the backbone and/or the ring, conferring hydrophobicproperties. The rings may also provide planar alignment with thearomatic rings in the dye molecules. PVP is readily soluble in aqueousand organic solvent systems. PVP is available ex ISP, Wayne, N.J., andBASF Corp., Parsippany, N.J., as a powder or aqueous solutions inseveral viscosity grades, designated as, e.g., K-12, K-15, K-25, andK-30. These K-values indicate the viscosity average molecular weight, asshown below:

PVP viscosity average K-12 K-15 K-25 K-30 K-60 K-90 molecular weight (inthou- 2.5 10 24 40 160 360 sands of daltons)PVP K-12, K-15, and K-30 are also available ex Polysciences, Inc.Warrington, Pa., PVP K-15, K-25, and K-30 and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)are available ex Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. PVP K30(40,000) through to K90 (360,000) are also commercially available exBASF under the tradename Luviskol or commercially available ex ISP.Still higher molecular PVP like PVP 1.3 MM, commercially available exAldrich is also suitable for use herein. Yet fiber PVP-type of materialsuitable for use in the present invention arepolyvinylpyrrolidone-co-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, commerciallyavailable commercially ex ISP in a quaternised form under the tradenameGafquat® or commercially available ex Aldrich Chemical Co. having amolecular weight of approximately 1.0 MM; polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-vinylacetate, available ex BASF under the tradename Luviskol®, available invinylpyrrolidone:vinylacetate ratios of from 3:7 to 7:3.

Polymers Comprising N-oxide Units

Another D unit which provides dye transfer inhibition enhancement to thefabric abrasion reducing polymers described herein, are N-oxide unitshaving the formula:

wherein R¹, R², and R³ can be any hydrocarbyl unit (for the purposes ofthe present invention the term “hydrocarbyl” does not include hydrogenatom alone). The N-oxide unit may be part of a polymer, such as apolyamine, i.e., polyalkyleneamine backbone, or the N-oxide may be partof a pendant group attached to the polymer backbone. An example of apolymer which comprises an the N-oxide unit as a part of the polymerbackbone is polyethyleneimine N-oxide. Non-limiting examples of groupswhich can comprise an N-oxide moiety include the N-oxides of certainheterocycles inter alia pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole,pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidone,azolidine, morpholine. A preferred polymer is poly(4-vinylpyridingN-oxide, PVNO). In addition, the N-oxide unit may be pendant to thering, for example, aniline oxide.

N-oxide comprising polymers of the present invention will preferablyhave a ration of N-oxidized amine nitrogen to non-oxidized aminenitrogen of from about 1:0 to about 1:2, preferably to about 1:1, morepreferably to about 3:1. The amount of N-oxide units can be adjusted bythe formulator. For example, the formulator may co-polymerize N-oxidecomprising monomers with non N-oxide comprising monomers to arrive atthe desired ratio of N-oxide to non N-oxide amino units, or theformulator may control the oxidation level of the polymer duringpreparation. The amine oxide unit of the polyamine N-oxides of thepresent invention have a Pk_(a) less than or equal to 10, preferablyless than or equal to 7, more preferably less than or equal to 6. Theaverage molecular weight of the N-oxide comprising polymers whichprovide a dye transfer inhibitor benefit to reduced fabric abrasionpolymers is from about 500 daltons, preferably from about 100,000daltons, more preferably from about 160.000 daltons to about 6,000,000daltons, preferably to about 2,000,000 daltons, more preferably to about360,000 daltons.

Polymers Comprising Amide Units and N-oxide Units

A further example of polymers which are fabric abrasion reducingpolymers which have dye transfer inhibition benefits are polymers whichcomprise both amide units and N-oxide units as described herein above.Non-limiting examples include co-polymers of two monomers wherein thefirst monomer comprises an amide unit and the second monomer comprisesan N-oxide unit. In addition, oligomers or block polymers comprisingthese units can be taken together to form the mixed amide/N-oxidepolymers. However, the resulting polymers must retain the watersolubility requirements described herein above.

Molecular Weight

For all the above described polymers of the invention, it is mostpreferred that they have a molecular weight in the range as describedherein above. This range is typically higher than the range for polymerswhich render only dye transfer inhibition benefits alone. Indeed, thehigher molecular weight of the abrasion reducing polymers provides forreduction of fabric abrasion which typically occurs subsequent totreatment, for example during garment use, or in a washing procedure.Not to be bound by theory, it is believed that the high molecular weightenables the deposition of the polymer on the fabric surface and providessufficient substantivity so that the polymer is capable of remaining onthe fabric during subsequent use and subsequent laundering of thefabric. Further, it is believed that for a given charge density,increasing the molecular weight will increase the substantivity of thepolymer to the fabric surface. Ideally the balance of charge density andmolecular weight will provide both a sufficient attraction to the fabricduring subsequent wash cycles. Increasing molecular weight is consideredpreferable to increasing charge density as it allows a greater choice inthe range of materials which can provide the desired benefit and avoidsthe negative impact that increasing charge density may have on theattraction of soil and residue onto treated fabrics. It should be noted,however, that a similar benefit may be predicted from the approach ofincreasing charge density while retaining a lower molecular weightmaterial.

(ix). Malodor Control Agents

Cyclodextrin

As used herein, the term “cyclodextrin” includes any of the knowncyclodextrins such as unsubstituted cyclodextrins containing from six totwelve glucose units, especially, alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin,gamma-cyclodextrin and/or their derivatives and/or mixtures thereof. Thealpha-cyclodextrin consists of six glucose units, the beta-cyclodextrinconsists of seven glucose units, and the gamma-cyclodextrin consists ofeight glucose units arranged in donut-shaped rings. The specificcoupling and conformation of the glucose units give the cyclodextrins arigid, conical molecular structures with hollow interiors of specificvolumes. The “lining” of each internal cavity is formed by hydrogenatoms and glycosidic bridging oxygen atoms; therefore, this surface isfairly hydrophobic. The unique shape and physical-chemical properties ofthe cavity enable the cyclodextrin molecules to absorb (form inclusioncomplexes with) organic molecules or parts of organic molecules whichcan fit into the cavity. Many odorous molecules can fit into the cavityincluding many malodorous molecules and perfume molecules. Therefore,cyclodextrins, and especially mixtures of cyclodextrins with differentsize cavities, can be used to control odors caused by a broad spectrumof organic odoriferous materials, which may, or may not, containreactive functional groups. The complexation between cyclodextrin andodorous molecules occurs rapidly in the presence of water. However, theextent of the complex formation also depends on the polarity of theabsorbed molecules. In an aqueous solution, strongly hydrophilicmolecules (those which are highly water-soluble) are only partiallyabsorbed, if at all. Therefore, cyclodextrin does not complexeffectively with some very low molecular weight organic amines and acidswhen they are present at low levels on wet fabrics. As the water isbeing removed however, e.g., the fabric is being dried off, some lowmolecular weight organic amines and acids have more affinity and willcomplex with the cyclodextrins more readily.

The cavities within the cyclodextrin in the solution of the presentinvention should remain essentially unfilled (the cyclodextrin remainsuncomplexed) while in solution, in order to allow the cyclodextrin toabsorb various odor molecules when the solution is applied to a surface.Non-derivatised (normal) beta-cyclodextrin can be present at a level upto its solubility limit of about 1.85% (about 1.85 g in 100 grams ofwater) at room temperature. Beta-cyclodextrin is not preferred incompositions which call for a level of cyclodextrin higher than itswater solubility limit. Non-derivatised beta-cyclodextrin is generallynot preferred when the composition contains surfactant since it affectsthe surface activity of most of the preferred surfactants that arecompatible with the derivatised cyclodextrins.

Preferably, the odor absorbing solution of the present invention isclear. The term “clear” as defined herein means transparent ortranslucent, preferably transparent, as in “water clear,” when observedthrough a layer having a thickness of less than about 10 cm.

Preferably, the cyclodextrins used in the present invention are highlywater-soluble such as, alpha-cyclodextrin and/or derivatives thereof,gamma-cyclodextrin and/or derivatives thereof, derivatisedbeta-cyclodextrins, and/or mixtures thereof. The derivatives ofcyclodextrin consist mainly of molecules wherein some of the OH groupsare converted to OR groups. Cyclodextrin derivatives include, e.g.,those with short chain alkyl groups such as methylated cyclodextrins,and ethylated cyclodextrins, wherein R is a methyl or an ethyl group;those with hydroxyalkyl substituted groups, such as hydroxypropylcyclodextrins and/or hydroxyethyl cyclodextrins, wherein R is a—CH₂—CH(OH)—CH₃ or a —CH₂CH₂—OH group; branched cyclodextrins such asmaltose-bonded cyclodextrins; cationic cyclodextrins such as thosecontaining 2-hydroxy-3-(dimethylamino)propyl ether, wherein R isCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—N(CH₃)₂ which is cationic at low pH; quaternary ammonium,e.g., 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl ether chloride groups,wherein R is CH₂CH(OH)—CH₂—N⁺(CH₃)₃Cl⁻—; anionic cyclodextrins such ascarboxymethyl cyclodextrins, cyclodextrin sulfates, and cyclodextrinsuccinylates; amphoteric cyclodextrins such as carboxymethyl/quaternaryammonium cyclodextrins; cyclodextrins wherein at least one glucopyranoseunit has a 3-6-anhydro-cyclomalto structure, e.g., themono-3-6-anhydrocyclodextrins, as disclosed in “Optimal Performanceswith Minimal Chemical Modification of Cyclodextrins”, F. Diedaini-Pilardand B. Perly, The 7th International Cyclodextrin Symposium Abstracts,April 1994, p. 49, said references being incorporated herein byreference; and mixtures thereof. Other cyclodextrin derivatives aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,426,011, Parmerter et al., issued Feb. 4,1969; U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,453,257; 3,453,258; 3,453,259; and 3,453,260, allin the names of Parmerter et al., and all issued Jul. 1, 1969; U.S. Pat.No. 3,459,731, Gramera et al., issued Aug. 5, 1969; U.S. Pat. No.3,553,191, Parmerter et al., issued Jan. 5, 1971; U.S. Pat. No.3,565,887, Parmerter et al., issued Feb. 23, 1971; U.S. Pat. No.4,535,152, Szejtli et al., issued Aug. 13, 1985; U.S. Pat. No.4,616,008, Hirai et al., issued Oct. 7, 1986; U.S. Pat. No. 4,678,598,Ogino et al., issued Jul. 7, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 4,638,058, Brandt etal., issued Jan. 20, 1987; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,746,734, Tsuchiyama etal., issued May 24, 1988; all of said patents being incorporated hereinby reference.

Highly water-soluble cyclodextrins are those having water solubility ofat least about 10 g in 100 ml of water at room temperature, preferablyat least about 20 g in 100 ml of water, more preferably at least about25 g in 100 ml of water at room temperature. The availability ofsolubilized, uncomplexed cyclodextrins is essential for effective andefficient odor control performance. Solubilized, water-solublecyclodextrin can exhibit more efficient odor control performance thannon-water-soluble cyclodextrin when deposited onto surfaces, especiallyfabric.

Examples of preferred water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives suitablefor use herein are hydroxypropyl alpha-cyclodextrin, methylatedalpha-cyclodextrin, methylated beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethylbeta-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin. Hydroxyalkylcyclodextrin derivatives preferably have a degree of substitution offrom about 1 to about 14, more preferably from about 1.5 to about 7,wherein the total number of OR groups per cyclodextrin is defined as thedegree of substitution. Methylated cyclodextrin derivatives typicallyhave a degree of substitution of from about 1 to about 18, preferablyfrom about 3 to about 16. A known methylated beta-cyclodextrin isheptakis-2,6-di-O-methyl-βcyclodextrin, commonly known as DIMEB, inwhich each glucose unit has about 2 methyl groups with a degree ofsubstitution of about 14. A preferred, more commercially available,methylated beta-cyclodextrin is a randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin,commonly known as RAMEB, having different degrees of substitution,normally of about 12.6. RAMEB is more preferred than DIMEB, since DIMEBaffects the surface activity of the preferred surfactants more thanRAMEB. The preferred cyclodextrins are available, e.g., from CerestarUSA, Inc. and Wacker Chemicals (USA), Inc.

It is also preferable to use a mixture of cyclodextrins. Such mixturesabsorb odors more broadly by complexing with a wider range ofodoriferous molecules having a wider range of molecular sizes.Preferably at least a portion of the cyclodextrins is alpha-cyclodextrinand its derivatives thereof, gamma-cyclodextrin and its derivativesthereof, and/or derivatised beta-cyclodextrin, more preferably a mixtureof alpha-cyclodextrin, or an alpha-cyclodextrin derivative, andderivatised beta-cyclodextrin, even more preferably a mixture ofderivatised alpha-cyclodextrin and derivatised beta-cyclodextrin, mostpreferably a mixture of hydroxypropyl alpha-cyclodextrin andhydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin, and/or a mixture of methylatedalpha-cyclodextrin and methylated beta-cyclodextrin.

It is preferable that the usage compositions of the present inventioncontain low levels of cyclodextrin so that a visible stain does notappear on the fabric at normal usage levels. Preferably, the solutionused to treat the surface under usage conditions is virtually notdiscernible when dry. Typical levels of cyclodextrin in usagecompositions for usage conditions are from about 0.01% to about 5%,preferably from about 0.1% to about 4%, more preferably from about 0.5%to about 2% by weight of the composition. Compositions with higherconcentrations can leave unacceptable visible stains on fabrics as thesolution evaporates off of the fabric. This is especially a problem onthin, colored, synthetic fabrics. In order to avoid or minimize theoccurrence of fabric staining, it is preferable that the fabric betreated at a level of less than about 5 mg of cyclodextrin per gram offabric, more preferably less than about 2 mg of cyclodextrin per gram offabric. The presence of the surfactant can improve appearance byminimizing localized spotting.

Concentrated compositions can also be used in order to deliver a lessexpensive product When a concentrated product is used, i.e., when thelevel of cyclodextrin used is from about 3% to about 20%, morepreferably from about 5% to about 10%, by weight of the concentratedcomposition, it is preferable to dilute the concentrated compositionbefore treating fabrics in order to avoid staining. Preferably theconcentrated cyclodextrin composition is diluted with about 50% to about6000%, more preferably with about 75% to about 2000%, most preferablywith about 100% to about 1000% by weight of the concentrated compositionof water. The resulting diluted compositions have usage concentrationsof cyclodextrin as discussed hereinbefore, e.g., of from about 0.1% toabout 5%, by weight of the diluted composition.

Low Molecular Weight Polyols

Low molecular weight polyols with relatively high boiling points, ascompared to water, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and/orglycerol are preferred optional ingredients for improving odor controlperformance of the composition of the present invention whencyclodextrin is present. Not to be bound by theory, it is believed thatthe incorporation of a small amount of low molecular weight glycols intothe composition of the present invention enhances the formation of thecyclodextrin inclusion complexes as the fabric dries.

It is believed that the polyols' ability to remain on the fabric for alonger period of time than water, as the fabric dries allows it to formternary complexes with the cyclodextrin and some malodorous molecules.The addition of the glycols is believed to fill up void space in thecyclodextrin cavity that is unable to be filled by some malodormolecules of relatively smaller sizes. Preferably the glycol used isglycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol,dipropylene glycol or mixtures thereof, more preferably ethylene glycoland/or propylene glycol. Cyclodextrins prepared by processes that resultin a level of such polyols are highly desirable, since they can be usedwithout removal of the polyols.

Some polyols, e.g., dipropylene glycol, are also useful to facilitatethe solubilization of some perfume ingredients in the composition of thepresent invention.

Typically, glycol is added to the composition of the present inventionat a level of from 1 about 0.01% to about 3%, by weight of thecomposition, preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, more preferablyfrom about 0.1% to about 0.5%, by weight of the composition. Thepreferred weight ratio of low molecular weight polyol to cyclodextrin isfrom about 2:1,000 to about 20:100, more preferably from about 3:1,000to about 15:100, even more preferably from about 5:1,000 to about10:100, and most preferably from about 1:100 to about 7:100.

Metal Salts

Optionally, but highly preferred, the present invention can includemetallic salts for added odor absorption and/or antimicrobial benefitfor the cyclodextrin solution when cyclodextrin is present. The metallicsalts are selected from the group consisting of copper salts, zincsalts, and mixtures thereof.

Copper salts have some antimicrobial benefits. Specifically, cupricabietate acts as a fungicide, copper acetate acts as a mildew inhibitor,cupric chloride acts as a fungicide, copper lactate acts as a fungicide,and copper sulfate acts as a germicide. Copper salts also possess somemalodor control abilities. See U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,817, Leupold, et al.,which discloses deodorizing compositions for treating disposablearticles, comprising at least slightly water-soluble salts ofacylacetone, including copper salts and zinc salts, all of said patentsare incorporated herein by reference.

The preferred zinc salts possess malodor control abilities. Zinc hasbeen used most often for its ability to ameliorate malodor, e.g., inmouth wash products, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,939, issuedApr. 20, 1982 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,674, issued Sep. 4, 1983, to N. B.Shah, et al., all of which are incorporated herein by reference.Highly-ionized and soluble zinc salts such as zinc chloride, provide thebest source of zinc ions. Zinc borate functions as a fungistat and amildew inhibitor, zinc caprylate functions as a fungicide, zinc chlorideprovides antiseptic and deodorant benefits, zinc ricinoleate functionsas a fungicide, zinc sulfate heptahydrate functions as a fungicide andzinc undecylenate functions as a fungistat.

Preferably the metallic salts are water-soluble zinc salts, copper saltsor mixtures thereof, and more preferably zinc salts, especially ZnCl₂.These salts are preferably present in the present invention primarily toabsorb amine and sulfur-containing compounds that have molecular sizestoo small to be effectively complexed with the cyclodextrin molecules.Low molecular weight sulfur-containing materials, e.g., sulfide andmercaptans, are components of many types of malodors, e.g., food odors(garlic, onion), body/perspiration odor, breath odor, etc. Low molecularweight amines are also components of many malodors, e.g., food odors,body odors, urine, etc.

When metallic salts are added to the composition of the presentinvention they are typically present at a level of from about 0.1% toabout 10%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 8%, more preferably fromabout 0.3% to about 5% by weight of the usage composition. When zincsalts are used as the metallic salt, and a clear solution is desired, itis preferable that the pH of the solution is adjusted to less than about7, more preferably less than about 6, most preferably, less than about5, in order to keep the solution clear.

Soluble Carbonate and/or Bicarbonate Salts

Water-soluble alkali metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate salts, such assodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, cesiumcarbonate, sodium carbonate, and mixtures thereof can be added to thecomposition of the present invention in order to help to control certainacid-type odors. Preferred salts are sodium carbonate monohydrate,potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, andmixtures thereof. When these salts are added to the composition of thepresent invention, they are typically present at a level of from about0.1% to about 5%, preferably from about O₂% to about 3%, more preferablyfrom about 0.3% to about 2%, by weight of the composition. When thesesalts are added to the composition of the present invention it ispreferably that incompatible metal salts not be present in theinvention. Preferably, when these salts are used the composition shouldbe essentially free of zinc and other incompatible metal ions, e.g., Ca,Fe, Ba, etc. which form water-insoluble salts.

Enzymes

Enzymes can be used to control certain types of malodor, especiallymalodor from urine and other types of excretions, including regurgitatedmaterials. Proteases are especially desirable. The activity ofcommercial enzymes depends very much on the type and purity of theenzyme being considered. Enzymes that are water soluble proteases likepepsin, tripsin, ficin, bromelin, papain, rennin, and mixtures thereofare particularly useful.

Enzymes are normally incorporated at levels sufficient to provide up toabout 5 mg by weight, preferably from about 0.001 mg to about 3 mg, morepreferably from about 0.002 mg to about 1 mg, of active enzyme per gramof the aqueous compositions. Stated otherwise, the aqueous compositionsherein can comprise from about 0.0001% to about 0.5%, preferably fromabout 0.001% to about 0.3%, more preferably from about 0.005% to about0.2% by weight of a commercial enzyme preparation. Protease enzymes areusually present in such commercial preparations at levels sufficient toprovide from 0.0005 to 0.1 Anson units (AU) of activity per gram ofaqueous composition.

Nonlimiting examples of suitable, commercially available, water solubleproteases are pepsin, tripsin, ficin, bromelin, papain, rennin, andmixtures thereof. Papain can be isolated, e.g., from papaya latex, andis available commercially in the purified form of up to, e.g., about 80%protein, or cruder, technical grade of much lower activity. Othersuitable examples of proteases are the subtilisins which are obtainedfrom particular strains of B. subtilis and B. licheniforms. Anothersuitable protease is obtained from a strain of Bacillus, having maximumactivity throughout the pH range of 8-12, developed and sold by NovoIndustries A/S under the registered trade name ESPERASE®. Thepreparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes is described in BritishPatent Specification No. 1,243,784 of Novo. Proteolytic enzymes suitablefor removing protein-based stains that are commercially availableinclude those sold under the trade names ALCALASE® and SAVINASE® by NovoIndustries A/S (Denmark) and MAXATASE® by International Bio-Synthetics,Inc. (The Netherlands). Other proteases include Protease A (see EuropeanPatent Application 130,756, published Jan. 9, 1985); Protease B (seeEuropean Patent Application Serial No. 87303761.8, filed Apr. 28, 1987,and European Patent Application 130,756, Bon et al, published Jan. 9,1985); and proteases made by Genencor International, Inc., according toone or more of the following patents: Caldwell et al, U.S. Pat. Nos.5,185,258, 5,204,015 and 5,244,791.

A wide range of enzyme materials and means for their incorporation intoliquid compositions are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,553,139,issued Jan. 5, 1971 to McCarty et al. Enzymes are further disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 4,101,457, Place et al, issued Jul. 18, 1978, and in U.S.Pat. No. 4,507,219, Hughes, issued Mar. 26, 1985. Other enzyme materialsuseful for liquid formulations, and their incorporation into suchformulations, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,261,868, Hora et al,issued Apr. 14, 1981. Enzymes can be stabilized by various techniques,e.g., those disclosed and exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 3,600,319, issuedAug. 17, 1971 to Gedge, et al., European Patent Application PublicationNo. 0 199 405, Application No. 86200586.5, published Oct. 29, 1986,Venegas, and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,519,570. All of the above patents andapplications are incorporated herein, at least in pertinent part.

Enzyme-polyethylene glycol conjugates are also preferred. Suchpolyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives of enzymes, wherein the PEG oralkoxy-PEG moieties are coupled to the protein molecule through, e.g.,secondary amine linkages. Suitable derivatization decreasesimmunogenicity, thus minimizes allergic reactions, while stillmaintaining some enzymatic activity. An example of protease-PEG's isPEG-subtilisin Carlsberg from B. lichenniformis coupled to methoxy-PEGsthrough secondary amine linkage, and is available from Sigma-AldrichCorp., St. Louis, Mo.

Zeolites

When the clarity of the solution is not needed, and the solution is notsprayed on fabrics, other optional odor absorbing materials, e.g.,zeolites and/or activated carbon, can also be used. A preferred class ofzeolites is characterized as “intermediate” silicate/aluminate zeolites.The intermediate zeolites are characterized by SiO₂/AlO₂ molar ratios ofless than about 10. Preferably the molar ratio of SiO₂/AlO₂ ranges fromabout 2 to about 10. The intermediate zeolites have an advantage overthe “high” zeolites. The intermediate zeolites have a higher affinityfor amine-type odors, they are more weight efficient for odor absorptionbecause they have a larger surface area, and they are more moisturetolerant and retain more of their odor absorbing capacity in water thanthe high zeolites. A wide variety of intermediate zeolites suitable foruse herein are commercially available as Valfor® CP301-68, Valfor®300-63, Valfor® CP300-35, and Valfor® CP300-56, available from PQCorporation, and the CBV100® series of zeolites from Conteka.

Zeolite materials marketed under the trade name Abscents® andSmellrite®, available from The Union Carbide Corporation and UOP arealso preferred. These materials are typically available as a whitepowder in the 3-5 micron particle size range. Such materials arepreferred over the intermediate zeolites for control ofsulfur-containing odors, e.g., thiols, mercaptans.

Activated Carbon

The carbon material suitable for use in the present invention is thematerial well known in commercial practice as an absorbent for organicmolecules and/or for air purification purposes. Often, such carbonmaterial is referred to as “activated” carbon or “activated” charcoal.Such carbon is available from commercial sources under such trade namesas; Calgon-Type CPG®; Type PCB®; Type SGL®; Type CAL®; and Type OL®.

Mixtures Thereof

Mixtures of the above materials are desirable, especially when themixture provides control over a broader range of odors.

(x). Mixtures of Optional Ingredients

Any mixtures of optional ingredients are also suitable for the presentinvention.

D. Method for Testing Product Stability

The amount of dispersed phase in the clear or translucent product is ameasure of the product stability. Generally a small amount of secondaryphase(s) will remain dispersed in the clear product. However, when theamount of the secondary phase(s) becomes too high, particles ofsecondary phase(s) are likely to agglomerate or coalesce and separatefrom the primary phase resulting in inhomogeniety. The rate at whichseparation occurs is dependent on the density difference between theclear product and the dispersed phase, and the number of collisionsbetween dispersed particles and this is dependent on the size and numberof dispersed particles. Therefore, when the amount of secondary phase(s)is too high, the product should be consider unstable because it willrapidly separate. When the amount of secondary phase(s) is small ornonexistent, the clear products are generally stable for long periods oftime. A rapid method of determining if a product is unstable isultra-high speed centrifugation. Ultra-high speed centrifugation forcescollisions between dispersed particles and thus forces productseparation. The lower the amount of secondary phase(s) present and themore stable the dispersion, the smaller the volume of separated materialwill be after a reasonable-period of ultra-centrifugation. When onlysmall or ideally no separation occurs during ultra-centrifugation aproduct is considered stable for the uses disclosed within.

To test a composition for phase separation, the composition is loadedinto a Beckman polyallomer centrifuge tube until the combined weight ofthe tube and the composition is 13.5+ or −0.02 g. Six tubes with equalweights of different compositions are placed in rotor buckets and placedon the rotor. The rotor is placed into the vacuum chamber. The rotor isplaced under vacuum and the compositions are spun at 40,000 rpm for 16hrs at 25° C. At the end of 16 hrs., the tubes are removed and examinedfor separation. When separation is detected, the length of the totalcomposition in the tube is measured. The length of each phase ismeasured The length of the longest phase is substracted from the entirelength of the composition in the tube and then the result is divided bythe entire length of the composition and multiplied by 100 to computethe % phase volume of the phase separation. Formulas are consideredstable if the % phase volume is at or below 5%.

EXAMPLES

TABLE 1 Samples with conventional principal solvent levels. ComponentWt. % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Diquat¹ 85% in 23.34 23.34 23.34 27.64 27.64 27.6427.64 Ethanol (EtOH) EtOH from softener 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1Hexylene Glycol 7.5 7.5 2.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 2.0 TMPD² 7.5 5.0 7.5 7.5 4.52.0 7.5 Perfume 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Water bal. bal. bal. bal.bal. bal. bal. Total Solvent Level 18.5  16.0  13.0  19.1  16.1  13.6 13.4  Appearance Slightly Hazy Cloudy Cloudy Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy %phase split none 12.2% 8.3% none none 25% 2.4% ¹Diquat softener = Theproducts formed by quaternization of reaction products of fatty acidwith N,N,N′,N′,tetraakis(hydroxyethyl)-1,6-diaminohexane. ²TMPD =2,2,4-trimethyl pentane-1,3-diol.

TABLE 2 Examples of Monoalkyl quat used to reduce the level of theprincipal solvent 1,2-hexanediol level. Component Wt. % 1 2 3 Diquat¹softener - 85% in 27.64 23.34 32.9 Ethanol (EtOH) EtOH from Softener4.14 3.5 4.9 Adogen 461³ — 6.0 4.5 IPA from Adogen 461 — 1.8 0.91,2-Hexanediol 9.0 2.0 5.0 Perfume 1.0 2.0 1.0 Water bal. bal. bal.Total Solvent Level 13.1 7.3 10.8 Appearance Clear Clear Clear % phasesplit none none none ³Adogen 461 = cocoalkyl trimethyl quaternaryammonium chloride.

TABLE 3 Monoalkyl quat used to reduce the level of various principalsolvents and to eliminate principal solvent Component Wt. % 1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 Diquat¹ 85% in EtOH 23.34 23.34 23.34 23.34 23.34 23.34 23.3423.34 23.34 EtOH from Softener 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5Adogen 461³ 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.5 6.0 6.7 7.6 7.0 — Adogen 417⁴ — — — — — — —— 17.5  IPA from Adogens 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.1 5.3 TMPD² 2.0 —— — — — — — methyl lactate 2.0 — 2,5-hexanediol — 2.0 — — — — — —EHDiol⁵ — — — 2.0 — — — — 2.0 Propylene Carbonate — — — — 2.0 — — — —Hexylene Glycol — — — — — 2.0 — — — 2-butyl-2-ethyl- — — — — — — 2.0 — —1,3-propanediol EtOH — — — — — — — 2.0 — Total Solvent Level 7.6 7.6 7.47.5 7.3 7.5 7.8 7.6 10.8  Perfume 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0Water bal. bal. bal. bal. bal. bal. bal. bal. bal. Appearance clearclear clear clear clear clear clear clear clear % phase split none nonenone none none none none none none ⁴Adogen 417 = C16-18 unsaturatedalkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium chloride. ⁵EHDiol =2-ehtyl-1,3-hexanediol.

TABLE 4 Monoalkyl quat used to reduce the level of various principalsolvents in formulas with higher diquat levels vs. Table 3. ComponentWt. % 1 2 3 4 5 6 Diquat¹ 85% in 32.9  32.9  32.9  32.9  32.9  32.9 EtOH EtOH from Softener 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Adogen 461³ 7.0 7.0 7.07.0 7.0 7.0 IPA from Adogen 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 461³ TMPD² 2.0 — — —— — Methyl lactate — 2.0 — — — — 2,5-hexanediol — — 2.0 — — — EHDiol⁵ —— 2.0 — — Propylene Carbonate — — — — 2.0 — Hexylene Glycol — — — — —2.0 Total Solvent Level 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Perfume 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.02.0 2.0 Water bal. Bal. bal. bal. bal. bal. Appearance clear clear clearclear clear clear % phase split none none none none none none

TABLE 5 Formulation with monoalkyl quat and no added organic and/orprincipal solvent. Component Wt. % 1 Quat 85% in EtOH 23.34 EtOH fromSoftener 3.5 Adogen 461³ 8.0 IPA from Adogen 2.4 461³ Total SolventLevel 5.9 Perfume 2.0 Water bal. Appearance clear % phase split none

TABLE 6 Cocamide and polar oil used to reduce the principal solvent andthe total solvent level. Component Wt. % 1 2 3 Diquat¹ 85% in EtOH 27.6427.64 27.64 EtOH from Softener 4.1 4.1 4.1 Rewopal ® C6⁶ 8.0 8.0 —Wickenol 158⁷ — — 6.5 1,2-Hexanediol — — 8.6 Hexylene Glycol 7.5 2.0 —TMPD² 2.0 7.5 — Total Solvent Level 13.6  13.6  12.7  Perfume 1.0 1.01.0 Water bal. bal. bal. Appearance clear clear clear % phase split nonenone none ⁶Rewopal ® C6 = an ethoxylated cocomonoethanolamide sold byWitco Corporation ⁷Wickenol 158⁶ = dioctyl adipate from Akzo, Inc.

TABLE 7 Mixtures of Diquat softeners and conventional monoquat softenersComponent Wt. % TEA Diester Quat⁸ 85% in solvent 10.0  Ethanol (from TEAQuat⁸)  0.75 Hexylene glycol (from TEA Diester Quat)  0.75 Diquat¹ 85%in EtOH 10.0  EtOH (from Diquat¹) 1.5 Adogen 461³ 9.8 IPA (from Adogen461³) 2.9 1,2 Hexanediol 2.0 Total Solvent Level 7.9 Perfume  2.50 Waterbalance Appearance clear % phase split none ⁸TEA Diester Quat = Methylsulfate Quaternized condensation reaction of about 1.9 moles of canolafatty acid with one mole of triethanolamine.

1. A clear or translucent liquid fabric softener composition comprising:A. from about 1% to about 80% by weight of the composition, ofpolyquaternary ammonium fabric softener active which either has a phasetransition temperature in the presence of less than about 5% organicsolvent or water of less than about 50° C. or which has no significantendothermic phase transition in the region −50° C. to 100° C. saidactive being in a bilayer; and B. an effective amount of stabilizer formaintaining said composition clear or translucent comprising aneffective amount of bilayer modifier, wherein said bilayer modifiercomprises a nonionic surfactant with a bulky head group selectedfrom:
 1. a surfacant having the formulaR₁—C(O)—Y′—[C(R⁵)]_(m)—CH₂O(R₂O)_(z)H  wherein R¹ is selected from thegroup consisting of saturated or unsaturated, primary, secondary orbranched chain alkyl or alkyl-aryl hydrocarbons; said hydrocarbon chaincontaining from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms; Y′ is selected fromthe following groups: —O—; —N(A)—; and/or mixtures thereof; A isselected from the following groups: H; R¹: —(R²—O)_(z)—H; —(CH₂)_(z)CH₃;phenyl, or substituted aryl, wherein 0≦x≦about 3 and z is from about 5to about 30: each R^(w) is selected from the following groups orcombinations of the following groups: —(CH₂)_(n) wherein n is from about1 to about 4 and/or —[CH(CH₃)CH₂]—; and each R² is selected from thefollowing groups: —OH; and —O(R²O)_(z)—H; and m is from about 2 to about4;
 2. a surfactant having at least one of the following formulas

 wherein Y″=N or O; and each R⁵ is selected independently from thefollowing: —H, —OH, —(CH₂)xCH₃, —O(OR²)_(z)—H, —OR, —OC(O)R¹, and—CH(CH₂—(OR²)_(z)—H)—CH₂—(OR²)_(z)—C(O)R¹, x and R¹ are as define aboveand 5≦z, z′and z″≦20;
 3. a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant ofthe formula:R²—C(O)—N(R¹)—Z  wherein: each R¹ is H, C₁-C₄ hydrocarbyl, C₁-C₄alkoxyalkyl, or hydroxyalkyl; and R² is a C₅-C₃₁ hydrocarbyl moiety; andeach Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbylchain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or anethoxylated derivative thereof; and R′ is H or a cyclic mono- orpoly-saccharide, or alkoxylated derivative of; and
 4. a mixture thereof.2. The composition of claim 1, further comprising an organic solventfrom at or above about 0.25% to at or below about 7% by weight of thecomposition.
 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein said organic solventis from at or above 0.5% to at or below about 5% by weight of thecomposition.
 4. The method of determining the stability of an aqueousclear or translucent softening composition according to claim 1, saidmethod comprising the step of subjecting said composition to high-speedcentrifugation and measuring the % volume of secondary phase whichseparates.